Abstract:
:Cryptosporidium is a genus of waterborne protozoan parasites that causes significant gastrointestinal disease in humans. These parasites can accumulate in environmental biofilms and be subsequently released to contaminate water supplies. Natural microbial assemblages were collected each season from an eastern Pennsylvania stream and used to grow biofilms in laboratory microcosms in which influx, efflux, and biofilm retention were determined from daily oocyst counts. For each seasonal biofilm, oocysts attached to the biofilm quickly during oocyst dosing. Upon termination of oocyst dosing, the percentage of oocysts retained within the biofilm decreased to a new steady state within 5 days. Seasonal differences in biofilm retention of oocysts were observed. The spring biofilm retained the greatest percentage of oocysts, followed (in decreasing order) by the winter, summer, and fall biofilms. There was no statistically significant correlation between the percentage of oocysts attached to the biofilm and (i) any measured stream water quality parameter (including temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved organic carbon concentration) or (ii) experimental temperature. Seasonal differences in oocyst retention persisted when biofilms were tested with stream water from a different season. These data suggest that seasonal variation in the microbial community and resulting biofilm architecture may be more important to oocyst transport in this stream site than water quality. The biofilm attachment and detachment dynamics of C. parvum oocysts have implications for public health, and the drinking water industry should recognize that the potential exists for pathogen-free water to become contaminated during the distribution process as a result of biofilm dynamics.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Wolyniak EA,Hargreaves BR,Jellison KLdoi
10.1128/AEM.01804-09subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-02-01 00:00:00pages
1021-7issue
4eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.01804-09journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Cry2Aa3 gene was introduced into asporogenic Bacillus thuringiensis, and the synthesized protoxin killed Bombyx mori and Lymantria dispar larvae. Chymotrypsin hydrolyzed the linkages between 49Tyr/Val50 and 145Lys/Ser146 in the protoxin, and 50- and 58-kDa fragments were generated, respectively. Both peptides kill...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.10.3840-3846.1994
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更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.2.315-322.1990
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.44.2.355-362.1982
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2019-07-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.4.1156-1160.1991
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2021-01-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrobaculum islandicum uses iron, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur for anaerobic respiration, while Pyrobaculum aerophilum uses iron and nitrate; however, the constraints on these processes and their physiological mechanisms for iron and sulfur reduction are not well understood. Growth rates on sulfur compounds are h...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02033-07
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00