Abstract：
:The recent discovery of a plethodontid salamander, Karsenia koreana, in Korea challenged our understanding of the biogeographic history of the family Plethodontidae, by far the largest family of salamanders, which otherwise is distributed in the New World with a few European species. Molecular studies suggest that Karsenia forms a clade with Hydromantes (sensu lato), which includes among its species the only other Old World plethodontids. We studied the skull of K. koreana and compared it with that of other plethodontid genera, especially members of the subfamily Plethodontinae, which it resembles most closely in general anatomy. The anatomy of its skull corresponds to the most generalized and apparently ancestral condition for plethodontids. No clearly autapomorphic states were detected, and no synapomorphies can be found that would link it to other genera. The Karsenia skull is cylindrical and well ossified, giving an impression of strength. In contrast, the skull of Hydromantes is highly derived; the skull is flattened and the bones are weakly ossified and articulated. Hydromantes and Karsenia share no unique anatomical features; differences between them are especially evident in the hyobranchial skeleton, which is generalized in Karsenia but highly modified in Hydromantes, which is well known for its highly projectile tongue. Plethodon and Plethodon-like species, including Karsenia and to a lesser degree Ensatina, represent the more generalized and apparently ancestral plethodontid morphology. Specialized morphologies have evolved along only a few morphological axes within the Plethodontidae, resulting in a pattern of rampant homoplasy. Our analysis of the anatomy of the new Asiatic lineage illuminates some potential mechanisms underlying adaptive morphological evolution within the Plethodontidae.
journal_name
J Morpholjournal_title
Journal of morphologyauthors
Buckley D,Wake MH,Wake DBdoi
10.1002/jmor.10816subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-05-01 00:00:00pages
533-58issue
5eissn
0362-2525issn
1097-4687journal_volume
271pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Several orders of morphologically four-winged insects have evolved mechanisms that enforce a union between the mesothoracic and metathoracic wings (forewings and hindwings) during the wing beat cycle. Such mechanisms result in a morphologically tetrapterous insect flying as if it were functionally dipterous, and these...
journal_title：Journal of morphology
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journal_title：Journal of morphology
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of morphology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of morphology
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更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of morphology
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