Abstract:
:This article systematically reviews the available literature to improve our understanding of the physiological basis for orthoses under the kinematic, shock attenuation and neuromotor control paradigms. The propositions made under these three paradigms have not been systematically reviewed collectively, and as such, there is no single-point synthesis of this clinically relevant body of evidence and somewhat disparate findings. Our comprehensive search strategy yielded 22 papers. Under each paradigm, the role of orthoses with different design features including combinations of posting, moulding and density was analysed. Where possible, data have been pooled to provide an increased level of confidence in findings. The main findings in the kinematic paradigm were that posted non-moulded orthoses systematically reduced peak rearfoot eversion (2.12° (95% CI 0.72 to 3.53)) and tibial internal rotation (1.33° (0.12 to 2.53)) in non-injured cohorts. In the shock attenuation paradigm, it was found that non-posted moulded and posted moulded orthoses produced large reductions in loading rate and vertical impact force when compared with a control and to a posted non-moulded orthosis. The neuromotor control paradigm seems to be the least conclusive in its outcome. Based on our review, this paper concludes with rudimentary guidelines for the prescription of orthosis, that sports medicine practitioners may use in their clinical decision-making process. The need for further research focusing on the role of injury, particularly in neuromotor control modification and long-term adaptation to orthoses, was highlighted.
journal_name
Br J Sports Medjournal_title
British journal of sports medicineauthors
Mills K,Blanch P,Chapman AR,McPoil TG,Vicenzino Bdoi
10.1136/bjsm.2009.066977subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-11-01 00:00:00pages
1035-46issue
14eissn
0306-3674issn
1473-0480pii
bjsm.2009.066977journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A prospective study of ocular injuries sustained during sport, was performed from January to June 1987. A total of 84 eye injuries were seen. Of these, 23 were severe enough to necessitate admission to hospital. These latter accounted for one quarter of all severe eye injuries during this period. Racquet sports caused...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.21.4.168
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Illness accounts for a significant proportion of consultations with a team physician travelling with elite athletes. OBJECTIVE:To determine if international travel increases the incidence of illness in rugby union players participating in a 16-week tournament. SETTING:2010 Super 14 Rugby Union tournament. ...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091395
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::After an interval of ten years, physically active and inactive male university teachers were re-examined across four measures; predicted maximum oxygen uptake, percentage body fat, personality and attitudes towards physical activity. Both groups showed a decrease in predicted oxygen uptake and an increase in body fat ...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.20.4.174
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) complain of many subjective symptoms that are difficult to measure and quantify. In this study we have tried to assess the weakness (muscle strength) and fatigue (endurance) of these patients with an objective measurement method, isokinetic muscle testing. METHOD...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.013706
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron deficiency anaemia, and its debilitating effect on performance, is an area of concern for many female athletes. Automated technologies that analyse individual reticulocytes may provide a sensitive measure of bone marrow response to iron supplementation. The reticulocyte characteristics of a female volleyball play...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.32.3.259
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) has been reported to be a common problem in divers, with a prevalence of up to 68%. No evidence for this is available. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the prevalence of TMD in divers. METHOD:Sixty three subjects were asked to retrospectively complete a questionnaire on symptoms...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2003.005025
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tournament water skiing is an increasingly popular and internationally successful sport in Great Britain, despite the climate. The kinematics and injury patterns of the three disciplines will be unfamiliar to most clinicians and are described, with estimation of the stresses. Advances in equipment over the last 15 yea...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.30.2.90
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence on the role of very low or very high volumes of leisure time physical activity (PA) on the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality is limited. We aimed to examine the associations of different levels of leisure time PA with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer-specif...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099254
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence from familial and genetic association studies have reported that DNA sequence variants play an important role, together with non-genetic factors, in the aetiology of both exercise-associated and occupational-associated acute and chronic musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. The associated variants, which have...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095180
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIM:Dupuytren disease is a fibroproliferative hand condition. The role of exposure to vibration as a risk factor has been studied with contradictory results. Since field hockey is expected to be a strong source of hand-arm vibration, we hypothesised that long-term exposure to field hockey is associated with ...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096236
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In his comments on our previous article, Hinton-Bayre advocates the use of the regression based approach in most cases of determining reliable change. This article comments on Hinton-Bayre's argument, discusses cases where the regression method might not be the preferred method, and presents adjustments that make the ...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.023713
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of three different intensities of exercise both in reducing blood lactic acid (LA) levels and in influencing subjects' heart rate (HR), following a 2000 m race in a rowing boat. In the first and second tests these variables were investigated during a 13 min recove...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.19.4.199
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Devise and implement evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and management of travellers' diarrhoea (TD), and establish the incidence of TD during an elite sporting trip to India. DESIGN:Literature review and audit. SETTING:Youth Commonwealth Games in India 2008. PARTICIPANTS:All members of the Team ...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.063396
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY DESIGN:Descriptive study, cross-sectional design. BACKGROUND:Tennis requires repetitive overhead movement patterns that can lead to upper extremity injury. The scapula plays a vital role in injury-free playing. Scapular dysfunction has been associated with shoulder injury in the overhead athlete. OBJECTIVES:The...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.070128
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The number of calories expended in the workplace has declined significantly in the past 75 years. A walking workstation that allows workers to walk while they work has the potential to increase caloric expenditure. We evaluated whether employees can and will use walking workstations while performing their job...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.039479
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preparticipation screening programmes for underlying cardiac pathologies are now commonplace for many international sporting organisations. However, providing medical clearance for an asymptomatic athlete without a family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is especially challenging when the athlete demonstrates par...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090838
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies of injury in elite and recreational golfers have lacked consistency in methods and definitions employed and this limits comparison of results across studies. In their sports-generic statement, the Consensus Group recruited by the IOC (2020) called for sport-specific consensus statements. On inv...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102380
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Swimming pool water slides are becoming increasingly long and adventurous. This case report and survey suggest that they may carry with them a notable risk of friction burns. ...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.29.3.208
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To find the individual intensity for aerobic endurance training, the lactate minimum test (LMT) seems to be a promising method. LMTs described in the literature consist of speed or work rate-based protocols, but for training prescription in daily practice mostly heart rate is used. The aim of the present stud...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.032714
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sedentary time is a modifiable determinant of poor health, and in older adults, reducing sedentary time may be an important first step in adopting and maintaining a more active lifestyle. The primary purpose of this consensus statement is to provide an integrated perspective on current knowledge and expert opinion per...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097209
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exon-1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene contains two repeat length polymorphisms which modify either the amount of AR protein inside the cell (GGN(n), polyglycine) or its transcriptional activity (CAG(n), polyglutamine). Shorter CAG and/or GGN repeats provide stronger androgen signalling and vice versa. To test ...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.060285
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now understood that sports injury interventions will not have significant public health impact if they are not widely accepted and adopted by target sports participants. Although there has been increasing recognition of the need for intervention studies conducted within the real-world context of sports delivery,...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090230
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Physical inactivity has been associated with significant increases in disease morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the association between physical activity and (1) health resource use and (2) health resource use costs. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS:The responses from 24 281 respondents >65 years to the C...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.057216
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mental health symptoms and disorders are common among elite athletes, may have sport related manifestations within this population and impair performance. Mental health cannot be separated from physical health, as evidenced by mental health symptoms and disorders increasing the risk of physical injury and delaying sub...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, genotype frequencies of several polymorphisms that are candidates to influence sports performance (ie, ACTN3 R577X, ACE ID, PPARGC1A Gly482Ser, AMPD1 C34T, CKMM 985bp/1170bp and GDF8 (myostatin) K153R) were compared in 123 nonathletic controls, 50 professional cyclists, 52 Olympic-class runners and 39 w...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.051680
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mechanism that causes pain in chronic Achilles tendinosis is not known. However, high resolution colour Doppler ultrasound has shown that neovascularisation may be involved. OBJECTIVE:To investigate if sclerosing the neovessels would affect the level of tendon pain. METHODS:The effect of colour Doppler...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.36.3.173
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies failing to show a negative effect of rapid weight loss (RWL) on performance have been conducted in athletes who have been cycling weight for years. It has been suggested that chronic weight cycling could lead combat athletes to become resistant to the stresses associated with weight loss. To investig...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092689
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Achilles tendinopathies are characterised by pain and reduced function, and heavy-load exercises have been shown to be effective in the treatment of painful chronic Achilles tendinopathies. However, basic information is needed on how the biomechanics and neuromuscular control of the exercise are affected by ...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.072561
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ankle sprain is a common sports injury and is often regarded as trivial by athletes and coaches. This epidemiological study was conducted among three categories of Hong Kong Chinese athletes: national teams, competitive athletes and recreational athletes. This study shows that as much as 73% of all athletes had recurr...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.28.2.112
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Badminton Injury Questionnaire (BIQ) was developed to survey the type and frequency of injuries that are likely to occur from playing competitive badminton. Two hundred and thirty-one players, ranging from club players to international champions, completed the survey which indicated an injury incidence rate of .09 a...
journal_title:British journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bjsm.13.4.156
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00