Abstract:
:Tuberculosis continues to be a major health problem worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is key to controlling the disease, yet the traditional tests for TB produce results that are either inaccurate or take too long to be definitive. A fast and reliable diagnostic method that would differentiate between active and latent TB infection is also lacking. The current routine diagnostic tests for TB - chest x-ray, tissue culture, tuberculin skin test (TST) and acid-fast staining - all have their limitations. A chest x-ray alone is inconclusive; a tissue culture takes too long to produce a result; the TST lacks specificity and reliability; and acid-fast staining depends on a large number of bacteria in the sputum to give an accurate reading. Serological tests using different TB antigens to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are fast but lack the desired sensitivity. New methods have been developed, such as nucleic acid amplification technology which, although specific, can yield false-positive results. Immunologic tests (QuantiFERON and T-SPOT.TB), which measure the production of IFN-gamma by TB-specific T lymphocytes after encountering M. tuberculosis antigens, have certain advantages over the conventional tests, but they also have their disadvantages and unanswered questions. The need remains for a cost-effective, accurate and rapid method of diagnosing both active and latent TB infection.
journal_name
Expert Rev Anti Infect Therjournal_title
Expert review of anti-infective therapyauthors
Al-Zamel FAdoi
10.1586/eri.09.92subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-11-01 00:00:00pages
1099-108issue
9eissn
1478-7210issn
1744-8336journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:COVID-19 disease progresses through a number of distinct phases. The management of each phase is unique and specific. The pulmonary phase of COVID-19 is characterized by an organizing pneumonia with profound immune dysregulation, activation of clotting, and a severe microvascular injury culminating in seve...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1808462
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::The 49th Annual Spring Meeting of the British Society of Parasitology was held at Nottingham University, UK, on 11-14 April 2011. Although a meeting of a national parasitological society, the meeting attracted approximately 375 delegates from 30 countries worldwide. Of the various themes at this meeting, two were focu...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type:
doi:10.1586/eri.11.62
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens have an increasing impact on patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Preoperative infections, such as endocarditis, and postoperative infections, including wound and device infection, influence patient outcomes. Special interest needs to be taken in patients admitted to car...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.13.3
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) accounts for almost a quarter of the world population, and, in 5-10% of the subjects with impaired immune-response against M. tuberculosis growth, it may progress to active tuberculosis (TB). In this review, we focus on the need to propose a screening for LTBI including...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1483238
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Among the multidrug resistant pathogens, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-E) or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are currently considered the main threat due to the scarcity of therapeutic options and their rapid spread around the globe. In addition to developing new antibiotics and...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1645007
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug resistance in HIV-infected children is one of the main contributors to antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure, especially in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest burden of pediatric HIV infection in the world. Herein, we systematically review the current status of ART failure in HIV-infected A...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1068117
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has brought aminoglycosides to the frontline since an aminoglycoside may be the only antimicrobial to which CRE isolates show in vitro susceptibility. The appropriateness of aminoglycoside-based therapies for severe infections by CRE is discuss...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2017.1316193
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection is associated with intensive care admissions, morbidity, and mortality. Our study aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and patient outcomes of CRE in the ICU units. METHODS:This was a retrospective matched case-control study of patients admi...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1822736
更新日期:2020-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Neonatal sepsis remains a serious and potentially fatal illness. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) prevents group B streptococcal (GBS) early-onset sepsis. The optimal duration of IAP (adequate IAP) to reduce vertical transmission of GBS has been debated. Understanding the mechanism of action of I...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1697233
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis in older adults has many challenges that affect rate of septic diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring parameters. Numerous age-related changes and comorbidities contribute to increased risk of infections in older adults, but also atypical symptomatology that delays diagnosis. Due to various pharmacokinetic/pharma...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2016.1135052
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus remains a serious and life-threatening disease for approximately 5% of the world's population, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Although prognoses can be improved by chemotherapy, treatment options are limited and none has been consistently successful. Interf...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14789072.2.6.853
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis is responsible for more then 2 million deaths worldwide each year and vies with HIV as the world's most fatal infectious disease. In many developing countries, attempts to control the spread of infection rely solely on identification and treatment of those with active disease, ignoring subclinical infecti...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.6.981
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In susceptible patients, invasive aspergillosis has a high incidence and a mortality of up to 80%. The diagnosis of this condition is difficult, especially in the early stages of the disease and, as a consequence, antifungal therapy, despite its expense and toxicity, is often initiated empirically. Until recently, the...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.4.613
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected almost 2.5 million people worldwide with almost 170,000 deaths reported to date. So far, there is scarce evidence for the current treatment options available for COVID-19. Vitamin C has previously been used for treatment of severe sepsis and septi...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1794819
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled antibiotics are not usually considered outside the setting of cystic fibrosis or Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis. However, because they deliver high drug concentrations at the site of infection with negligible systemic absorption and toxicity, they are logical compliments to standard intravenous therapy for ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.3.445
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nosocomial infections are the most frequent complications observed in surgical patients. In colorectal surgery, the opening of the viscera causes the dissemination into the operative field of microorganisms originating from endogenous sources, increasing the chance of developing postoperative complications. It is repo...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.3.5.787
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Having available tools to determine the prognosis of pediatric meningococcal sepsis at admission to the Intensive Care Unit or during the course of the disease constitutes a clinical necessity. Recently, new readily measurable circulating biomarkers have been described as an additional tool for severity classification...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.945431
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors sought to study whether extended or continuous infusion of cephalosporins is associated with better clinical outcomes than short-term infusion. PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched. Studies reporting the clinical outcomes of patients receiving extended or continuous infusion (≥3 or 24 h...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1586/eri.13.44
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Healthy children are high transmitters of influenza and can experience poor influenza outcomes. Many questions remain about the efficacy and impect of preventive measures because most existing studies report imprecise proxies of influenza incidence, do not follow subjects throughout the entire influenza season and acr...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.12.106
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with antiretrovirals is now widely used worldwide after either occupational contact (with blood or another blood-containing fluid), or nonoccupational contact (mainly sexual or injection-drug use). It is assumed to reduce the risk of HIV transmission by at least 80%, although its effica...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eri.11.20
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Syphilis continues to be a growing epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly for those living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 2016, MSM accounted for 80% of primary and secondary syphilis diagnoses in men in the United States; almost half of who were also HIV-infected. Th...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1446828
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Influenza-Like Illness is a leading cause of hospitalization in children. Disease burden due to influenza and other respiratory viral infections is reported on a population level, but clinical scores measuring individual changes in disease severity are urgently needed. Areas covered: We present a composite...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2017.1295847
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lopinavir is a protease inhibitor (PI) for the treatment of HIV infection that was specifically designed to overcome the shortcomings of earlier agents in this class. It is the only PI coformulated with ritonavir, whose pharmacological boosting effect results in a highly potent, well-tolerated, clinically effective an...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.5.1.13
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Although evidence indicates that use of procalcitonin to guide antibiotic decisions for the treatment of acute respiratory infections (ARI) decreases antibiotic consumption and improves clinical outcomes, algorithms used within studies had differences in PCT cut-off points and frequency of testing. We ther...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2018.1496331
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is of particular concern in immunodeficient individuals notably transplant recipients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. HCMV is predicted to encode multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) and several have been characterized in vitro. Furthermore, these miRNAs have been shown to ...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1106939
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak occurred and caused the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which affected ~ 190 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020. AREA COVERED:In the review, a com...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14787210.2021.1835469
更新日期:2020-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Use of nonsystemic antimicrobials with activity against enteropathogens is a promising approach for treatment of infectious diarrhea and other nonsystemic gastrointestinal infections. Rifaximin is approved by the US FDA for the treatment of travelers' diarrhea caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli in patie...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/eri.10.58
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: In light of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, phage (bacteriophage) therapy has been recognized as a potential alternative or addition to antibiotics in Western medicine for use in humans.Areas covered: This review assessed the scientific literature on phage therapy published between 1 Janu...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1694905
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance is an important factor influencing clinical outcome for patients in intensive care units. It is also associated with increased healthcare costs resulting from prolonged patient stays. The problem of antibiotic resistance is particularly acute in intensive care units because they house seriously i...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.1.2.253
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza has circulated among humans for centuries and kills more people than many newly emerging diseases. The present methods for control of influenza are not adequate, especially for dealing with a pandemic. In the face of a rapidly spreading outbreak, a race to isolate the virus and prepare a vaccine would probab...
journal_title:Expert review of anti-infective therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14787210.1.4.627
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00