Abstract:
:As the rate and magnitude of climate change accelerate, understanding the consequences becomes increasingly important. Species distribution models (SDMs) based on current ecological niche constraints are used to project future species distributions. These models contain assumptions that add to the uncertainty in model projections stemming from the structure of the models, the algorithms used to translate niche associations into distributional probabilities, the quality and quantity of data, and mismatches between the scales of modeling and data. We illustrate the application of SDMs using two climate models and two distributional algorithms, together with information on distributional shifts in vegetation types, to project fine-scale future distributions of 60 California landbird species. Most species are projected to decrease in distribution by 2070. Changes in total species richness vary over the state, with large losses of species in some "hotspots" of vulnerability. Differences in distributional shifts among species will change species co-occurrences, creating spatial variation in similarities between current and future assemblages. We use these analyses to consider how assumptions can be addressed and uncertainties reduced. SDMs can provide a useful way to incorporate future conditions into conservation and management practices and decisions, but the uncertainties of model projections must be balanced with the risks of taking the wrong actions or the costs of inaction. Doing this will require that the sources and magnitudes of uncertainty are documented, and that conservationists and resource managers be willing to act despite the uncertainties. The alternative, of ignoring the future, is not an option.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Wiens JA,Stralberg D,Jongsomjit D,Howell CA,Snyder MAdoi
10.1073/pnas.0901639106subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-11-17 00:00:00pages
19729-36eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0901639106journal_volume
106 Suppl 2pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A central event in the eukaryotic cell cycle is the decision to commence DNA replication (S phase). Strict controls normally operate to prevent repeated rounds of DNA replication without intervening mitoses ("endoreplication") or initiation of mitosis before DNA is fully replicated ("mitotic catastrophe"). Some of the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9147
更新日期:1997-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with MLL gene rearrangements is characterized by early pre-B phenotype (CD10(-)/CD19(+)) and poor treatment outcome. The t(4;11), creating MLL-AF4 chimeric transcripts, is the predominant 11q23 chromosome translocation in infant ALL and is associated with extremely poor progno...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.96.25.14535
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abstract::Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion within the huntingtin gene that encodes a polymorphic glutamine tract at the amino terminus of the huntingtin protein. HD is one of nine polyglutamine expansion diseases. The clinical threshold of polyglutamine expansion for HD is near 3...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::BRCA1 is a breast and ovarian cancer-specific tumor suppressor that seems to be involved in transcription and DNA repair. Here we report that BRCA1 exhibits a bona fide ubiquitin (Ub) protein ligase (E3) activity, and that cancer-predisposing mutations within the BRCA1 RING domain abolish its Ub ligase activity. Furth...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::Monoclonal antibodies can block cellular interactions that negatively regulate T-cell immune responses, such as CD80/CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD1-L, amplifying preexisting immunity and thereby evoking antitumor immune responses. Ibrutinib, an approved therapy for B-cell malignancies, is a covalent inhibitor of BTK, a member of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.69.7.1813
更新日期:1972-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.79.7.2401
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.0804547105
更新日期:2008-11-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.90.18.8717
更新日期:1993-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1996-10-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.0401952101
更新日期:2004-08-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1995-04-11 00:00:00