Abstract:
:The main analytic problems for assessing the equality of means of healthcare costs are the skewed and heteroscedastic nature of the distribution of healthcare costs and the occurrence of persons with zero cost values. Without taking these special features into consideration, any statistical method may lead to the wrong conclusion. The available analytic methods that are appropriate for handling these features of healthcare costs are reviewed.
journal_name
Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Resjournal_title
Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes researchauthors
Zhou XH,Ramsey Sdoi
10.1586/14737167.3.5.561subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-01 00:00:00pages
561-7issue
5eissn
1473-7167issn
1744-8379journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In 2001, the US National Cancer Institute created the Cancer Outcomes Measurement Working Group (COMWG) to assess the state-of-the-science of outcomes assessment in cancer and to make recommendations for moving the field forward. The COMWG focused on methods for assessing patient-reported outcomes (health-related QoL,...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.6.4.407
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To evaluate patient perception of the onset of action and overall satisfaction with a fast-dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation of ebastine in patients with intermittent or persistent allergic rhinitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS:This was a cross-sectional, multicenter, pharmacy-based survey involving adult patients (>18...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.8.4.337
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoarthritis is the single most important cause of disability and limitation of activity of elderly people in the UK. Although joint replacement is now commonplace for hips and increasingly so for knees, pharmacological management continues to be important. In this context, it is necessary to identify valid and acce...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.2.4.337
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In response to concerns about the cost burden of medical care in general and rising pharmaceutical costs in particular, a number of recent studies have examined trends in pharmaceutical expenditures. These studies have reached apparently disparate conclusions about factors responsible for rising pharmaceutical costs a...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.2.5.467
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmaceutical sector has been established as the primary cost driver in health. The scope of this paper is to explore the drivers of pharmaceutical expenditure in Cyprus by decomposing sales and assessing impact of prices, volumes and substitution effect. We used a statistical approach to decompose the growth of ...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.2014.889565
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Limitations of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) include frequent monitoring, dietary restrictions and drug interactions. This study conducted an indepth exploration of perspectives of VKA therapy in respondents with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism. METHODS:A total of 60 respondents, recruited from the UK...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erp.09.48
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reconciliation refers to the process through which two or more independent forward translations are merged into one single translation. This critical step in the translation process is difficult to formalize. The purpose of this review is to analyze how reconciliation is specified in leading guidelines for the transla...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erp.11.102
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Standard management includes avoidance of causative factors such as smoking, and pharmacological therapy with combinations of inhaled and/or oral bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Lung transplantation is an estab...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.3.6.729
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the literature reporting empirically determined symptom clusters in patients with metastatic cancer. A literature search was conducted on symptom clusters within heterogeneous metastatic cancer patient populations using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Studies examining predetermined symptom clusters ...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erp.12.41
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In recent years, high-cost medicines have increasingly been challenging the public health budget in all countries including high-income economies. In this context, this study aims to survey, analyze and compare prices of medicines that likely contribute to high expenditure for the public payers in high-incom...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737167.2016.1223543
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review examines the national trends in out-of-pocket and high economic burden of prescription drug expenditures by elderly people aged 65 years and older. From 1992 to 2000, prescription out-of-pocket drug expenditures increased at an annual rate of 7%. During this period the proportion of elderly without prescri...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.5.3.297
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Resonance metallic stent is a new wire-based ureteral stent that was initially developed for patients with malignant ureteral obstruction. Potential advantages over traditional stents include resistance to encrustation and to external compression, allowing for increased dwell times and the maintenance of upper tra...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erp.09.74
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of bronchiolitis, a lower respiratory tract infection occurring in infancy. It is responsible for several rehospitalizations, substantial morbidity and occasional deaths in the UK every year. Palivizumab is a recombinant monoclonal antibody that has been shown to re...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.7.5.445
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews the clinical and pharmacoeconomic studies that have been conducted within Europe for patients undergoing elective hip-replacement surgery. Additionally, we offer a perspective on the possible future clinical use of new agents in orthopedic surgery, such as dabigatran and BAY 59-7939 (rivaroxban). Lo...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.7.1.49
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the quest for more comprehensiveness, structure and transparency in reimbursement decision-making in healthcare has prompted the research into alternative decision-making frameworks. In this environment, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is arising as a valuable tool to support healthcare decisi...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737167.2014.859525
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disease affecting older adults. Consequently, this disease should be a focus among payers, with increasing utilization of newer premium-priced patent-protected add-on therapies to stabilize or even improve motor function over time. However, expenditure ca...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erp.12.24
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skin diseases are among the most common health problems worldwide and are associated with a considerable burden. The burden of skin disease is a multidimensional concept that encompasses psychological, social and financial consequences of the skin disease on the patients, their families and on society. Chronic and inc...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erp.09.23
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care in Germany makes recommendations for ceiling prices of drugs based on an evaluation of the relationship between costs and effects in each therapeutic area. The analysis requires, when applicable, calculation of savings from avoided clinical events and increased f...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erp.11.45
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past 10 years has witnessed a major transformation in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic condition that leads to significant morbidity, impairment in quality of life and mortality. Adalimumab joins a class of biologic response modifiers that prevent joint destruction and maintain functional status. F...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.5.5.519
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking cessation is the only strategy that has shown a lasting reduction in the decline of lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to assess the q...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737167.2015.1001976
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is an inflammatory disorder with increasing prevalence and significant morbidity worldwide. Inhaled steroids improve asthma symptoms, reduce exacerbations number and severity, and the need for oral steroids. Due to their potent anti-inflammatory effect, inhaled steroids represent the most effective maintenance ...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.3.3.223
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with disability due to multiple sclerosis (MS) in Poland. METHODS:Recently a cost-of-illness study was conducted in the Czech Republic, involving 909 patients with different levels of disability (the COMS study). Data on resource use from this trial was extrapo...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.2014.906305
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Breast cancer, the second most common cancer in women, exerts a multidimensional grave effect on affected women. Among the several subtypes of breast cancer, the overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 gene is associated with poorer survival and higher relapse rates. Trastuzumab, a m...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737167.2019.1536549
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly curable skin cancer of melanocytes if diagnosed early. Unfortunately, its invasion into the deeper dermis increases the risk of it spreading to the lymph nodes and distant organs. Spread of metastatic melanoma (MM) to other organs is among one of the most dangerous conditions that i...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/erp.11.14
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to reassess the effectiveness of condoms in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV. METHODS:Medline, Scopus, and the ISI Web of Science databases were searched up to June 2014. Eligible studies were synthesized using random-effects models. RESULTS:Twenty-fiv...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1586/14737167.2016.1102635
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive disease of the airways in which respiratory symptoms aggravate transitorily during disease exacerbations. The treatment of the disease in its stable state is the most important factor in reducing related morbidity, but exacerbation therapy might also impact on sub...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/erp.09.33
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biosimilars can directly reduce the cost of treating patients for whom a reference biologic is indicated by offering a highly similar, lower priced alternative. We examine factors related to biosimilar regulatory approval, uptake, pricing, and financing and the potential impact on drug expenditures in the U....
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737167.2018.1476142
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The second symposium of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer took place in September 2011 at the European Parliament in Brussels (Belgium). The aim of the symposium was to discuss a wide range of topics in health-related quality of life, symptom research and cancer clinical trials, including ...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type:
doi:10.1586/erp.11.84
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) play an important role in reimbursement decisions when one of the criteria is the cost-effectiveness of the health technology. While for many generic QALYs (e.g., based on the EQ-5D) are viewed as the gold standard, there has been a considerable increase in interest in using conditi...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.8.5.453
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports on the 'Assessing Cost-Effectiveness' (ACE) initiative in priority setting from Australia. It commences with why priority setting is topical and notes that a wide variety of approaches are available. In assessing these various approaches, it is argued that a useful first step is to consider what c...
journal_title:Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737167.8.6.593
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00