Abstract:
:Worldwide, women comprise > 50% of all people living with HIV and the vast majority of these women are of childbearing age. In fact, a significant proportion of these women are identified as HIV-infected during pregnancy. Preventing perinatal transmission has been one of the greatest prevention successes of the HIV epidemic with < 2% of live births resulting in an HIV-infected infant. The strategic use of combination antiretroviral therapy has been a critical component of this reduction. With more antiretroviral agents available for HIV, the appropriate selection of therapy is often based on provider familiarity with the various agents. Although benefits of antiretroviral use in pregnancy tremendously outweigh the risks, concerns regarding short- and long-term toxicity in mothers and their children, in addition to the risk of the development of HIV resistance, remain subjects of discussion. The choice of antiretroviral 'backbone' is supported by extensive data showing efficacy in the prevention of HIV vertical transmission. Co-formulated zidovudine/lamivudine is the most commonly used combination in pregnancy. Long-term consequences of in utero exposure to antiretroviral agents are not fully understood. In this article, we review the data regarding nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with a focus on tenofovir.
journal_name
Expert Opin Drug Safjournal_title
Expert opinion on drug safetyauthors
Nurutdinova D,Overton ETdoi
10.1517/14740330903241584subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-11-01 00:00:00pages
683-94issue
6eissn
1474-0338issn
1744-764Xjournal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:Approximately 40-50% of patients with cutaneous melanoma harbor point mutations in BRAF. BRAF and MEK inhibitors in combination are now a standard therapy for advanced BRAFV600-mutated melanoma. Nevertheless, survival rates with the combination are limited, highlighting the need for further therapeutic imp...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14740338.2020.1817376
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of the numerous topics discussed during the eighth annual meeting of the Safety Pharmacology (SP) Society the author identified the following key topics: i) the impact of hERG (human ether-à-go-go related gene) channel data on drug development, ii) safety evaluation of biological products, iii) opportunities and expec...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type:
doi:10.1517/14740330902760360
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet prodrug widely used in acute coronary syndromes and after intravascular stent placement. Acute or chronic use can cause bleeding, a major adverse effect, which can lead to drug discontinuation or noncompliance with therapy. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW:The mechani...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.532485
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In the last couple of years, the number of patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases being treated with TNF α antagonist has increased dramatically. Adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against TNF α, is one of the most frequently administered TNF α antagonists. Yet, unresolved issues ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.581661
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:E-detailing can be best described as the use of information technology in the field of pharmaceutical detailing. It is becoming highly popular among pharmaceutical companies because it maximizes the time of the sales force, cuts down the cost of detailing and increases physician prescribing. Thus, the applic...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1517/14740330802456903
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been extensively studied since the discovery of agents within bone that could induce bone formation at ectopic sites by Urist in the 1960s. Extensive preclinical research has been carried out showing the efficacy of these products in promoting bone healing. Clinical trials are e...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.4.1.75
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Over the past decade, increased prescription supply has facilitated an epidemic of nonmedical use of controlled substances, including predominantly opioids, as well as benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics, and stimulants. Areas covered: More recently, misuse of noncontrolled prescriptions, such as gabapentin, has ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14740338.2017.1390081
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: Sensory adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are generally expected to be transient in nature. However, spontaneous reports describe frequently these events as long-lasting or unresolved. In this study, the authors reviewed the Eudravigilance publicly accessible database to describe the volume and expectedness of...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14740338.2019.1676724
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colchicine has been used for over 2000 years. Intravenous (i.v.) colchicine has been used for the treatment of acute gout since the 1950s. I.v. and oral colchicine were 'grandfathered' before the 1969 FDA Phase III trials for drug toxicity became law. Data on toxic reactions are, therefore, based only on passive surve...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.6.6.625
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of statins was associated with breast cancer risk. BACKGROUND:Experimental studies have shown that statins have potential protective effects against cancer. METHODS:We conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. Cases consisted of all p...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14740338.2014.885949
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Monoclonal antibodies such as bevacizumab, ramucirumab, cetuximab and panitumumab play an important role in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). With the introduction of these drugs considerable improvements in both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were achieved. H...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2016.1167186
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a steroidal drug that has been widely administered intravitreally for retinal and choroidal conditions. Safety of steroidal products for intraocular use is essential because of their risk of ocular adverse events. This review comprehensively discusses the safety of intravitr...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.635141
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Possible relationship between drug exposure and multiple sclerosis (MS) development is insufficiently investigated, and further challenged by the incomplete understanding of MS etiopathogenesis. The study aims to investigate whether drug exposure could contribute to MS, by analyzing worldwide spontaneous rep...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1506763
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a major problem in patients on oral anticoagulation therapy. This issue has become even more pressing since the introduction of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in 2009. Areas covered: Here we review current evidence related to GIB associated with oral anticoagulants, f...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2017.1325870
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many diseases are now treatable with modern drugs. Elderly people, because they suffer from age-related illnesses, stand to gain the most, but they are also at risk from adverse drug reactions (ADRs). There are complex reasons for the increased frequency of ADRs, including poor prescribing, polypharmacy, altered drug ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1517/14740338.2.3.211
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Oral antidiabetic medications are important in many type 2 diabetes care plans. AREAS COVERED:The article summarizes the cardiovascular and renal safety data for DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT-2 inhibitors and specific safety data particular to each class. EXPERT OPINION:DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors provide un...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2019.1626823
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite the significant advances in the pharmacological and interventional management of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the last decades, cardiovascular mortality remains the leading cause of death. Large randomized clinical trials have investigated the efficacy and safety of different ant...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1524869
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pomalidomide, a derivative of thalidomide and member of the immunomodulatory drugs is licenced for use in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in Europe, USA, Canada and Japan. AREAS COVERED:This review details all published trials in which pomalidomide has been used in the treatment of myeloma...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2016.1154039
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since their initial use in the 1980s, IFNs have become an essential component of the therapy for many diseases such as hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. Although they have been extremely useful in conditions that pose therapeutic challenges, complications associated with their use have been widely reported i...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740330903066726
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Alemtuzumab is a humanised anti-CD52 mAb which has recently been licensed for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis in Europe. AREAS COVERED:The efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab from open label, Phase II and Phase III trials is reported. EXPERT OPINION:Alemtuzumab causes rapid and profound comp...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2014.928691
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) do not have epilepsy. There are a number of compelling reasons to take these patients off antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including drug toxicity and teratogenicity, as well as possibly poorer outcome of PNES and increased risk of iatrogenic harm when...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14740338.5.5.609
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives: Bullous pemphigoid, an autoimmune dermatological disease, may be associated with the use of a relatively new anti-cancer drug class, PD-1 inhibitors, which includes pembrolizumab and nivolumab. This paper analyzes the signals between PD-1 inhibitors and bullous pemphigoid based upon the reported real-world...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14740338.2019.1619693
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Acne is a common skin condition of the pilosebaceous units that affects the young and old, ranges from moderate to severe and can be treated with an array of options. Topical retinoids are the initial treatment for acne due to their ability to treat comedones, the starting point of acne. AREAS COVERED:Taz...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14740338.2016.1117605
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an alkalinizing lysosomatropic drug that accumulates in lysosomes where it inhibits some important functions by increasing the pH. HCQ has proved to be effective in a number of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Areas covered: In this review the me...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2017.1269168
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cardiovascular disease remains the major contributor to morbidity and mortality in diabetes. From the need to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetes and to ensure that such risk is not exacerbated by drug treatments, governmental regulators and drug manufacturers have focused on clinical trials evaluating ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2016.1195368
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in the routine immunization program has resulted in a significant decline in invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) around the world. Preterm infants are a special group at a high risk of invasive infection by encapsulated bacteria. However, their sl...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2019.1597849
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of women worldwide use the combined oral contraceptive pill as an effective form of contraception. However, the focus on its side effects to date has mainly been on physical aspects, even though the most commonly stated reason for discontinuation is depression. There are surprisingly few large studies investi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.6.4.371
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the use of statins was associated with kidney cancer risk. METHODS:We conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. Cases consisted of all patients who were aged 50 years and older, and had a first-time diagnosis of kidney cancer for the period between 2005 and 2009. The c...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.678831
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of cephalosporins, based on utilization and adverse drug events (ADEs). METHODS:This is a retrospective study using data on cephalosporins, obtained from Yangtze River hospital drug information and the Wuhan adverse drug reactions monitoring center database, fr...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.699037
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This meta-analysis has been conducted to determine the risk of elevated transaminases associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors use in patients with cancer. METHODS:Studies eligible for our analysis included randomized Phase II and III trials of patients with cancer on ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizuma...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1085969
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00