Abstract：
:The psychological attributes of intelligence and personality are usually seen as being quite distinct in nature: higher intelligence being regarded a 'gift' (bestowed mostly by heredity); while personality or 'character' is morally evaluated by others, on the assumption that it is mostly a consequence of choice? So a teacher is more likely to praise a child for their highly Conscientious personality (high 'C')--an ability to take the long view, work hard with self-discipline and persevere in the face of difficulty--than for possessing high IQ. Even in science, where high intelligence is greatly valued, it is seen as being more virtuous to be a reliable and steady worker. Yet it is probable that both IQ and personality traits (such as high-C) are about-equally inherited 'gifts' (heritability of both likely to be in excess of 0.5). Rankings of both IQ and C are generally stable throughout life (although absolute levels of both will typically increase throughout the lifespan, with IQ peaking in late-teens and C probably peaking in middle age). Furthermore, high IQ is not just an ability to be used only as required; higher IQ also carries various behavioural predispositions--as reflected in the positive correlation with the personality trait of Openness to Experience; and characteristically 'left-wing' or 'enlightened' socio-political values among high IQ individuals. However, IQ is 'effortless' while high-C emerges mainly in tough situations where exceptional effort is required. So we probably tend to regard personality in moral terms because this fits with a social system that provides incentives for virtuous behaviour (including Conscientiousness). In conclusion, high IQ should probably more often be regarded in morally evaluative terms because it is associated with behavioural predispositions; while C should probably be interpreted with more emphasis on its being a gift or natural ability. In particular, people with high levels of C are very lucky in modern societies, since they are usually well-rewarded for this aptitude. This includes science, where it seems that C has been selected-for more rigorously than IQ. Indeed, those 'gifted' with high Conscientiousness are in some ways even luckier than the very intelligent--because there are more jobs for reliable and hard-working people (even if they are relatively 'dumb') than for smart people with undependable personalities.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Charlton BGdoi
10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.048subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-10-01 00:00:00pages
465-7issue
4eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(09)00480-0journal_volume
73pub_type
社论abstract：:Articles dealing with the epidemiological aspects of asthma were carefully reviewed in order to support or reject our clinical impression of increased rate of asthma among immigrants. Particular emphasis was put on data on very high or very low rates of asthma. The proposed theories to explain these differences were c...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90047-0
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Eelier studies demonstrated the up-regulation of some transcriptional factors such as Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 in undifferentiated cancer cells. These transcriptional regulators are up-regulated in pluripotent cells, as well and are responsible for cell reprogramming in normal cells. It might be said that normal ce...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2014.09.014
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute renal failure (ARF) is a rapid loss of kidney function. The reasons and mechanism by which this occurs has not been clarified so far thus creating obstacles to management of this disease. Presently, the experimental research using the accepted renal ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R injury) model represented for ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.041
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years a male-specific but species non-specific mammalian cell surface antigen, the H-Y antigen, has been demonstrated on somatic cells as well as on sperm. This raises some questions regarding unforeseen risks of certain medical procedures, notably blood transfusion. It is stressed that especially the possib...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(80)90132-2
更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent articles about the roles and relationships of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in various types of normal tissues and malignancies give rise to the question: 'Is there a relationship between them with regard to malignant melanoma progression?' In the light of many re...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2001.1270
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are different theories and hypotheses related to the aetiology of depression. The interaction between brain 5-HT level and the activity of its autoreceptors plays a role in mood changes and depression. In major depression, activation of the inflammatory response system (IRS) and, increased concentrations of proi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00207-x
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis proposed in this article is that a haemodynamic mechanism may cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The hypothesis is synthesized from three separate streams of medical research: (1) multiple sclerosis (MS) research; (2) ALS research; (3) atherosclerosis research. Each research stream was reviewed ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.03.017
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comparison is made of the x-ray induced thyroid adenocarcinoma in the rat by the in-vitro, in-vivo method of Clifton et al. with previous data of Doniach on in-vivo irradiation in whole animals. The Clifton data consists of only one point at 500 rad. I have assumed that the probability of transformation per viable c...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(84)90070-7
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been speculated that the rise of the adaptive immune system in jawed vertebrates some 400 million years ago gave them a superior protection to detect and defend against pathogens that became more elusive and/or virulent to the host that had only innate immune system. First, this line of thought implies that ada...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2010.02.031
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cameron and Pauling have reported large survival increases in terminal cancer patients treated with Vitamin C. Their trials, which have been criticised because not based on random, double-blind principles, are reviewed here using a broad inductive method that relies on diverse data of varying quality. Conclusions are ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(82)90089-5
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Educational expansion in western countries has been achieved mainly by adding years to full-time education; however, this process has probably reduced efficiency. Sooner or later, efficiency must improve, with a greater educational attainment per year. Future societies will probably wish more people to study science t...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.02.011
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer is caused by a combination of factors, genetic, epigenetics and environmental. Among the latter, environmental pollutants absorbed by contact, inhalation, or ingestion are major proven or suspected culprits. Depleted uranium (DU) is one of them directly pertinent to the military and civilians working in militar...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.018
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Innumerable studies have been carried out by people to trace out those elements, find out the mechanisms that are vital to the maintenance of stemness. Amongst them, the one which is gaining importance in the recent past is the metabolism of stem cells, especially One carbon metabolism. Being associated directly or in...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.019
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preliminary reports have demonstrated that anterior nucleus thalamus high-frequency electrical stimulation (ANT-HFS) is an effective treatment for patients who suffer from medically refractory epilepsy. However, its extensive application has been hampered by the high cost and the unpredictable outcome before the opera...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.06.001
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:I hypothesize that the intermediates of the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp) degradation kynurenic acid (KA) and quinolinic acid (QA) play opposite roles in inflammatory diseases, with KA being antiinflammatory and QA being immunosuppressant. Darlington et al. have demonstrated a decrease in the ratio...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.021
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article proposes the hypothesis that allantois is the anatomical homologue of bursa of Fabricius in mammalia. This hypothesis is based on immunohistochemical study of sections from hematopoietic organs of three fetuses with cloacal exstrophy. In the complex maldevelopment of cloacal exstrophy the common features ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(90)90037-f
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a type of primary open-angle glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a health problem that manifests itself with low intraocular pressure (IOP) levels and preserves its importance for public health care. In population-based screenings, which take the IOP levels of 21mmHg as a cut-off for the diagnosis of glaucom...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.04.001
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is known, that initial events in atherosclerosis arise in the intima with a parallel influx of inflammatory cells. I propose the opposite - that the disease onset begins from the media vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) involvement and through its utilization of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and free or ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2014.12.002
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is the most common ulcer of oral non-keratinized mucosa, but the treatment is always limited at present. Considering the multifactorial etiology of RAU, a novel therapeutic agent with multi-bioactivties should be presented. Garlic has been recognized as a favorable natural medicine again...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.07.028
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 15 million Americans including over 5 million children suffer from asthma, the most common chronic disease in childhood. The prevalence of pediatric asthma has risen sharply over the past four decades, with the sharpest increases occurring in children younger than 6 years and in urban, predominantly mino...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2003.10.001
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is no secret that despite the rapid development of new methods of cancer therapy, we still are not able to completely destroy the tumor. Every time we attack the tumor, the tumor neutralizes our attempts. Carcinogenesis can be presented as a tree whose branches are different pro-tumor mechanisms and whose trunk ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109545
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a recently identified cell surface receptor that is expressed mainly on monocytes and neutrophils, and plays an important role as an amplifier of inflammatory response in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Recent studies suggested that TREM-1 contrib...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.042
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a common cause of chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis affects 10% of women of reproductive age. The most popular strategy for treating endometriosis is pseudo-pregnancy therapy. However, the efficacy of common systemic pseudo-pregnancy therapy is significantly attenuated by poor compliance because of so many side ef...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.08.001
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pellagra is a curable dietary illness that unchecked leads to dementia, diarrhoea, dermatitis and death due to lack of the precursors for NAD(H). In addition it caused a wide range of monosyndromic degenerative and functional neurological disorders as well as profound developmental, premature aging and metabolic syndr...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2007.01.029
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HLA-G is a nonclassical HLA immunotolerogenic molecule expressed in different human cell types. Successful embryo implantation is a consequence of information exchange between the uterus and the blastocyst. It is widely accepted that HLA-G expression by the fetus promotes the establishment of several mechanisms that, ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.03.030
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is postulated that the induction of immunological tolerance to chemical carcinogens is due to the penetration of carcinogens and its albumin and DNA adducts from the maternal organism into the embryo. Maternal serum lgG-antibodies to carcinogens promote the transportation of carcinogens and adducts into the embryo ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2000.1393
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing evidences suggest a link between normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both of them are progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Recently researches provide a clue that optineurin may be a new common underlying risk factor involved in NTG and AD. OPTINEURIN (OPTN) gene coding for "optineu...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06.040
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although frequently disseminated to other anatomical sites, neuroblastoma (NB) is rarely reported as involving the central nervous system (CNS), which may reflect insufficient research in poorly controlled systemic disease. Here we demonstrate the involvement of the CNS in patients with NB over 18 months of age at dia...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109479
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Personality trait research has shown associations with many genes, prominently those of the catecholamine metabolism such as dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA). Because DBH gene is in linkage disequilibrium with ABO gene, there is reason to think that o...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.039
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noonan syndrome (NS OMIM 163950) is a relatively common autosomal dominant developmental disorder characterized by short stature, specific facial features, and congenital cardiac anomalies. Approximately 50-66% of cases have defined mutations in the K-ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway that lead to constitutive signaling, but a ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.01.040
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
