Abstract:
:Developmental language and learning disabilities in children can take many different forms and can result from a variety of causes. Research to date has focused primarily on specific disabilities in learning, which are characterized by a significant delay or disorder in one aspect of learning against a background of otherwise normal development. Learning disabilities affecting language and/or reading acquisition (developmental dysphasia and dyslexia) have been studied most thoroughly. Verbal learning disabilities occur more frequently in boys than in girls, and there is a higher than expected incidence of left-handedness among affected children. Although there are many reasons why a child may have delayed or disordered language development, differential diagnosis of specific developmental language or reading disorders calls for ruling out mental retardation, peripheral auditory or visual dysfunction, autism, frank neurological impairments such as hemiplegia or seizure disorder, and severe social deprivation or lack of educational opportunity. The typical profile of a developmentally dysphasic or dyslexic child is one who shows a marked discrepancy between nonverbal (performance) IQ and verbal IQ, with a history of delayed or disordered speech, language and/or reading development. Such a child usually performs quite normally on visual spatial tasks, while demonstrating severe deficits in tasks of auditory temporal processing, motor sequencing, phonological processing and memory, language, reading and spelling. This characteristic neuropsychological profile may suggest left hemisphere dysfunction or a failure to develop normal cerebral lateralization. The etiology of these developmental learning disorders is unknown, but there is evidence of familial aggregation, indicating a potential genetic basis. Although these children respond to remediation, longitudinal studies have shown that the symptoms often persist into adulthood (see Tallal, 1988, for a more detailed discussion).
journal_name
Psychoneuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Psychoneuroendocrinologyauthors
Tallal Pdoi
10.1016/0306-4530(91)90079-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
203-11issue
1-3eissn
0306-4530issn
1873-3360journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to adversity is a risk factor for many mental and somatic health problems. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation is a potential mechanism linking adversity exposure and negative health outcomes. However, associations between adversity exposure and HPA-axis activity have been incons...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105150
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the effect of androsterone (AND), a metabolite of testosterone, on the ability of selected classical and novel antiepileptic drugs to prevent seizures caused by maximal electroshock (MES), which may serve as an experimental model of human generalized tonic-clonic seizures in mice. Single intraperi...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.017
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to understand the psychopathology of the social anxiety disorder (SAD) at the neuroendocrine level, standardized experimental studies on endocrine and physiological markers are necessary, especially since empirical data are still ambiguous. Hence, differences in both, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and th...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104913
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with long-term remission of Cushing's disease (CD) demonstrate residual psychological complaints. At present, it is not known how previous exposure to hypercortisolism affects psychological functioning in the long-term. Earlier magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrated abnormalities of brain struc...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.05.001
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although a majority of people will be exposed to a traumatic event over the course of their lifespan, only a minority will develop post-traumatic stress disorder. Better understanding the factors contributing to the development of this psychopathology is of high importance and could significantly reduce the societal a...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.006
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the impact of social interaction variables (e.g., friendship, time working together, and activity) on the occurrence of menstrual synchrony; (2) to examine the menstrual synchrony of women who work together in an office. The sample consisted of 72 women soldiers in...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)e0004-s
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early life experiences can influence hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation in adulthood, in both animals and humans. In humans, they have also been shown to influence adult attachment styles. However, the relationship between adult attachment styles and HPA axis regulation is largely unexplored. The pre...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.01.013
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prenatal ethanol exposure produces hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hyperresponsiveness to stressors. The present study tested the hypothesis that decreased corticosteroid receptor densities at HPA feedback sites may play a role in deficient feedback inhibition and the resultant HPA hyperresponsiveness that is obs...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00015-3
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Significant emotional and physical symptoms have been linked to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. A critical evaluation of the available studies questions the commonly held belief in menstrual-cycle-related complaints in the majority of normal women. The present study investigated changes in mood, somatic c...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4530(90)90021-z
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and plasma norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (CRT), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) were studied before and after clonidine (2.5 micrograms/kg i.m.) administration in 193 chronic severely ill patients and 193 normal subjects matched by age and sex. Dur...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4530(87)90042-4
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of corticosteroids on memory performance have been the subject of some controversy. Whilst many studies have shown that high levels of corticosteroids can impair memory performance, others have shown they can facilitate it. One explanation for these discrepant effects arises from the differential activatio...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0306-4530(03)00103-3
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stressors induce physiological changes in the brain and periphery that support adaptive defensive responses. The consequences of psychological stress on cognitive functioning are often measured in laboratory settings using experimentally induced stress that leads to mainly negative subjective feelings. There is a need...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104593
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The peptide hormone oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in social behaviors, including social bond formation. In different contexts, however, OT is also associated with aggression, social selectivity, and reduced affiliation. Female meadow voles form social preferences for familiar same-sex peers under short, winter...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.025
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of ACTH 1-24 (0.2 microgram/kg), lysine--vasopressin (10.0 micrograms/kg) or epinephrine HCl (5.0 micrograms/kg) shortly after training or prior to testing caused memory facilitation of a step-down inhibitory avoidance task in rats, acquired with low intensity training footshocks (...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4530(85)90054-x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dominant characterization of the physiological and behavioral human stress reaction is the fight-or-flight response. On the other hand, it has been suggested that social affiliation during stressful times ("tend-and-befriend") also represents a common adaptive response to stress, particularly for women. In the cur...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.09.004
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual differences in the activity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis are often operationalized using summary measures of cortisol that are taken to represent stable individual differences. Here we extend our understanding of a novel latent variable approach to latent trait cortisol (LTC) as a measur...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.009
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beside its hormonal function in salt and water homeostasis, vasopressin released into distinct brain areas plays a crucial role in stress-related behavior resulting in the enhancement of an anxious/depressive-like state. We aimed to investigate whether correction of the peripheral symptoms of congenital absence of AVP...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.011
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual dysfunction is not a symptom of PTSD but is a common clinical complaint in trauma survivors with this disorder. In that there are biological parallels in the neuroendocrine processes underlying both PTSD and sexual behavior, we conducted an exploratory investigation of the relationship of PTSD and related neuro...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.015
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whereas childhood adversity (CA) and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been suggested to play a major role in the etiology of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), no study has thus far investigated both its associations and interactions with adolescent NSSI. METHOD:We investigated CA (antipathy...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.011
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic neck and shoulder pain (CNSP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder in adults, which is linked to hypersensitivity to noxious stimuli. The hormone oxytocin has been implicated as a potential therapeutic for the management of chronic pain disorders, and has been suggested to have sex-specific effects on the sali...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.028
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with a 2-4 fold increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, detailed assessments of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in a study designed to minimize confounders are lacking. Furthermore, few studies examine potential mechanisms in...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.07.006
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research has suggested that stressful situations lead to a decrease in testosterone, whereas concern with one's social status increases testosterone. However, results from studies examining testosterone reactivity in stressful situations that involve evaluation by others (hence status concerns) are inconsistent. Furth...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.007
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychosocial stress is a potent activator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. While the physiological mechanisms of HPA axis responses to stress as well as its short and long-term consequences have been extensively examined, less is known why someone elicits an acute neuroendocrine stress response, i.e. ...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.02.001
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of hormonal involvement in pubertal brain development has attracted wide interest. Structural changes within the brain that occur during pubertal development appear mainly in regions closely linked with emotion, motivation and cognitive functions. Using a sheep model, we have previously shown that peri-pube...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.011
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Major Depression (MD) results from a complex interplay between environmental stressors and biological factors. Previous studies in adults have shown that adverse life events interact with genetic variation in FKBP5, a gene implicated in the stress-response system, to predict depressive symptoms and MD. This i...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.025
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects on retrieval of a one-trial learning inhibitory avoidance response of beta-endorphin, alpha-endorphin, and gamma-endorphin, given prior to test have been studied in rats. beta-Endorphin (beta-LPH 61-91) in a relatively low dose (1.56 micrograms sc. or 50 ng icv.) facilitated inhibitory avoidance behavior, ...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4530(83)90020-3
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the measurement of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity, saliva samples first have to be diluted. There is some evidence for instability, that is, a decline of sAA activity in diluted samples. It is not clear which factors during dilution may contribute to this phenomenon and how quickly this decline of sAA activ...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104847
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are commonly associated with impairments in extinguishing fear to signals previously associated with danger, and also with inhibiting fear to safety signals. Previous studies indicate that PTSS are associated with low cortisol activity, and cortisol is shown to facilitate ...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.012
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Different doses dexamethasone (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg) or cortisol (30, 60, and 120 mg) were administered PO at 2230h to 39 depressed patients and 20 healthy subjects on nonsuccessive days. The inhibiting capacity of the two steroids on hypothalamo-pituitary axis (HPA) function was evaluated by measuring the plasma level...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4530(93)90004-5
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired sleep quality and sleep loss compromise glucose homeostasis and metabolic function, but the mechanisms linking sleep and metabolic health are largely unclear. In order to gain insight into the relevance of specific electrophysiological sleep characteristics for metabolic control, we assessed the acute effect ...
journal_title:Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.028
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00