Abstract：
:The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and prevalence of multidrug antibacterial resistance in Helicobacter pylori in Bulgaria from 2005 to 2008. The resistance in 828 untreated adults, 124 treated adults and 105 untreated children was, respectively, 26.5, 50.8 and 16.2% for metronidazole; 18.4, 45.2 and 19% for clarithromycin; 1, 2.4 and 0% for amoxicillin; 4.4, 10.6 and 1.9% for tetracycline; and 9, 14.5 and 5.8% for ciprofloxacin. Triple resistance to the evaluated agents was uncommon and was detected in 1% of the untreated children, 3.5% of the untreated adults and 13.6% of the treated adults. Five H. pylori strains were resistant to amoxicillin, metronidazole and clarithromycin, two of them exhibiting quadruple resistance. Resistance to four of the five antibacterials tested was found in 0.7% of the untreated and 1.8% of the treated adults. The overall level of multidrug resistance in the treated adults (15.4%) was higher than that in the untreated adults (4.2%, P=0.0001) and the untreated children (1%, P=0.0001). The presence of multidrug H. pylori resistance in Bulgaria could be associated with many factors, among them the slightly increasing national use of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins and of quinolones since 2000, the significant increase in primary H. pylori clarithromycin resistance, the high tetracycline use between 1994 and 1999, and, in individual cases, the use of azithromycin-based regimens or reuse of nitroimidazoles. In conclusion, for the first time in a European country during the last 5 years, H. pylori strains harbouring a worrying quadruple antibacterial resistance were found in treated as well as in untreated patients. H. pylori susceptibility patterns have a tendency to become unpredictable and should be monitored constantly at both national and global levels.
journal_name
J Med Microbioljournal_title
Journal of medical microbiologyauthors
Boyanova Ldoi
10.1099/jmm.0.009993-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-01 00:00:00pages
930-935issue
Pt 7eissn
0022-2615issn
1473-5644journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Currently, several PCR assays based on 16S rRNA and virulence-associated genes are available for detection of Legionella pneumophila. So far, no genotyping method has been published that can discriminate between serogroups and monoclonal subgroups of the most common L. pneumophila serogroup 1. Our first approach was t...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.008508-0
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of 178 strains of Escherichia coli, highly resistant to trimethoprim, isolated from hospital patients and patients in the community between 1979 and 1983, was examined for the presence of Tn7 on a plasmid or on the chromosome only, by transposition to RP4 and restriction endonuclease digestion with Hind III. ...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
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doi：10.1099/00222615-22-2-125
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.001125
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-46-10-839
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-11-4-441
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abstract：:Soil specimens collected from a site around the home of patients with food-borne type E. botulism probably caused by neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum in Guanyun, Jiangsu province, China, were examined for the presence of neurotoxigenic C. butyricum. Five lakeside sites of Weishan lake, in an area near to the sites...
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更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
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doi：10.1099/jmm.0.036152-0
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.000960
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.001060
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.022707-0
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.05009-0
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-11-1-25
更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.071712-0
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.000673
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.47192-0
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-19-3-351
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.47193-0
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-30-3-227
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.001271
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.038364-0
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.45708-0
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) is the most common hospital-acquired diarrhoea, and is a major type of gastroenteritis infection in nursing homes and facilities for the elderly. In this study the antimicrobial activity of the two-component lantibiotic, lacticin 3,147, against a range of genetically d...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.47085-0
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Burkholderia pseudomallei is isolated frequently from the soil in regions where the disease melioidosis occurs. However, recent surveys in Thailand have shown that the frequency of isolation of the organism from soil samples is not directly related to the incidence of melioidosis in an area. To determine whether strai...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-46-7-565
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrolide antibiotics are frequently administered to treat mycoplasmal pneumonia. However, macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae has recently been isolated from clinical specimens in Japan. Clarithromycin (CAM) is a 14-membered-ring macrolide that has host immunomodulatory activity. Here, we established a gnotobio...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.014191-0
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.028340-0
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.45617-0
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spirochaetes were demonstrated in material from patients with Lyme disease by short-time high-concentrate silver impregnation after treatment with amylase. Removal of mucoid material was essential to visualise Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme spirochaetes were demonstrated in material from 23 patients with Lyme disease--ery...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-23-3-261
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
