Hallucinogen-related disorders in a national sample of adolescents: the influence of ecstasy/MDMA use.

Abstract:

AIMS:To present the prevalence and correlates of hallucinogen use disorders (HUDs: abuse or dependence) and subthreshold dependence. METHODS:The study sample included adolescents aged 12-17 years (N=55,286) who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2004-2006). Data were collected with a combination of computer-assisted personal interviewing and audio computer-assisted self-interviewing. RESULTS:The overall prevalence of HUDs among adolescents was low (<1%). However, more than one in three (38.5%) MDMA users and nearly one in four (24.1%) users of other hallucinogens reported HUD symptoms. MDMA users were more likely than users of other hallucinogens to meet criteria for hallucinogen dependence: 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.24-14.81) vs. 3.5% (95% CI: 2.22-5.43). Compared with hallucinogen use only, subthreshold dependence was associated with being female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.8 [95% CI: 1.08-2.89]), ages 12-13 years (AOR=3.4 [1.64-7.09]), use of hallucinogens > or = 52 days (AOR=2.4 [1.66-6.92]), and alcohol use disorder (AOR=1.8 [1.21-2.77]). Compared with subthreshold dependence, abuse was associated with mental health service use (AOR=1.7 [1.00-3.00]) and opioid use disorder (AOR=4.9 [1.99-12.12]); dependence was associated with MDMA use (AOR=2.2 [1.05-4.77]), mental health service use (AOR=2.9 [1.34-6.06]), and opioid use disorder (AOR=2.6 [1.01-6.90]). MDMA users had a higher prevalence of most other substance use disorders than users of non-hallucinogen drugs. CONCLUSIONS:Adolescent MDMA users appear to be particularly at risk for exhibiting hallucinogen dependence and other substance use disorders.

journal_name

Drug Alcohol Depend

authors

Wu LT,Ringwalt CL,Weiss RD,Blazer DG

doi

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.04.014

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-09-01 00:00:00

pages

156-66

issue

1-2

eissn

0376-8716

issn

1879-0046

pii

S0376-8716(09)00155-0

journal_volume

104

pub_type

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