Abstract:
:The purpose of this brief review is to prepare readers who may be unfamiliar with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and the rapidly accumulating changes in the epidemic by providing an introduction to HIV disease and its treatment. The general concepts presented here will facilitate understanding of the papers in this issue on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Toward that end, we briefly review the biology of HIV and how it causes disease in its human host, its epidemiology, and how antiretroviral treatments are targeted to interfere with the molecular biology that allows the virus to reproduce. Finally, we describe what is known about how HIV injures the nervous system, leading to HAND, and discuss potential strategies for preventing or treating the effects of HIV on the nervous system.
journal_name
Neuropsychol Revjournal_title
Neuropsychology reviewauthors
Ellis RJ,Calero P,Stockin MDdoi
10.1007/s11065-009-9094-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-06-01 00:00:00pages
144-51issue
2eissn
1040-7308issn
1573-6660journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The achievements of Henry Hécaen, Oliver Zangwill, Hans-Lukas Teuber, and Norman Geschwind are reviewed. Each made an enormously significant contribution to the form and content of the field of neuropsychology as we know it today. ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01875020
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychotic disorders are characterized by a generalized neurocognitive deficit (i.e., performance 1.5 SD below controls across neuropsychological domains with no specific profile of differential deficits). A motivational account of the generalized neurocognitive deficit has been proposed, which attributes poor neuropsy...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-020-09448-2
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wealth of empirical evidence is accumulating on the genetic mediation of brain structure phenotypes. This comes from twin studies that assess heritability and genetic covariance between traits, candidate gene associations, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that can identify specific genetic variants. Here w...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11065-015-9281-1
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper surveys the process approach literature with an emphasis on higher level cognitive functions like attention and concentration, learning and memory, and problem solving and executive functioning. In particular, it discusses organizational strategies and kinds of errors found on a variety of tests as well as ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02214647
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on facial asymmetries during emotional expression. Facial asymmetry is defined as the expression intensity or muscular involvement on one side of the face ("hemiface") relative to the other side and has been used as a behavioral index of hemispheric specialization for facial emotional expression. T...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/BF02876972
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a recently identified X-linked neurodegenerative disorder affecting a proportion of premutation carriers of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Previous research suggests that cognitive and psychiatric features of FXTAS may include primary impairments ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-014-9262-9
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychologists' current practices with respect to the disclosure of tests and raw test data to courts are damaging their reputations as scientists, undermining their credibility as honest professionals acting in good faith, and contrary to the best interests of consumers. The profession is conducting itself in a contra...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1009031615267
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delirium is a common neurobehavioral syndrome that occurs across health care settings which is associated with adverse outcomes, including death. There are limited data on long-term cognitive outcomes following delirium. This report reviews the literature regarding relationships between delirium and cognitive impairme...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/b:nerv.0000028080.39602.17
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norman Geschwind's landmark paper in 1965, "Disconnexion Syndromes in Animals and Man," inspired a generation of investigators to consider the effects of focal brain lesions disrupting higher brain functions. Although Geschwind viewed disconnection as resulting from either white or gray matter lesions, his signature a...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-010-9127-9
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The publication of Luria's Neuropsychological Investigation (LNI) by Christensen in 1975 introduced Luria's evaluation procedures to worldwide neuropsychology. The LNI demonstrated the benefit of a thorough qualitative analysis of an individual patient's functioning as well as the usefulness of a comprehensive theory ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1025655707095
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review was aimed at systematically investigating the evidence suggesting that obese individuals demonstrate impaired performance on behavioural tasks examining executive functioning abilities. A systematic review of literature was carried out by searching five separate databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-013-9224-7
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a term used to describe a disorder characterized by a vast array of somatic, cognitive, and affective symptoms, the cause of which is attributed to exposure to extremely low levels of a variety of chemicals. Upon examination of the patient with a diagnosis of MCS, objective physi...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1026460726965
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at a very high risk of developing early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to trisomy of chromosome 21. AD is preceded by a prolonged prodromal "pre-clinical" phase presenting with clinical features that do not fulfil the diagnostic criteria for AD. It is important to clinically char...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-017-9341-9
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals serving in Iraq and Afghanistan sustain injuries associated with physical and psychological trauma. Among such injuries, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common. Self-report measures are frequently used to identify mTBI and/or PTSD and symptoms associated wit...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-012-9191-4
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the previous 15 years, a variety of experimental paradigms and methods have been employed to study inhibition. In the current review, we analyze studies that have used the high temporal resolution of the event-related potential (ERP) technique to identify the temporal course of inhibition to understand the various ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-014-9275-4
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence over the past decade suggests that semantic deficits represent a consistent feature of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). A meta-analysis was performed to examine if semantic deficits are consistently found in patients with MCI. Studies meeting all inclusion criteria were selected for the current m...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-020-09453-5
更新日期:2020-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Some studies have linked bilingualism with a later onset of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Not all studies have observed such relationships, however. Differences in study outcomes may be due to methodological limitations and the presence of confounding factors within studies s...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-020-09426-8
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the population ages, the need for effective methods to maintain or even improve older adults' cognitive performance becomes increasingly pressing. Here we provide a brief review of the major intervention approaches that have been the focus of past research with healthy older adults (strategy training, multi-modal i...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9119-9
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A procedure for automatic identification of sulci of cerebral hemispheres in magnetic resonance images is presented. The algorithm departs from information of the spatial location of a given feature (e.g., sulcal contour) in one hemisphere and automatically defines its course in the other hemisphere. The automatic tra...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01875370
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mandate for evidence-based practice has prompted careful consideration of the weight of the scientific evidence regarding the therapeutic value of various clinical treatments. In the field of aphasia, a large number of single-subject research studies have been conducted, providing clinical outcome data that are po...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-006-9013-7
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intelligence testing has a long and revered history in psychological measurement in childhood. Yet, the years between infancy and early childhood have been understudied with respect to emergent intellectual and cognitive functioning. Factor analytic models of intelligence that have demonstrated applicability when test...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11065-012-9215-0
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of the amygdala as a salience detector and in emotional learning is now well accepted. The mechanisms that regulate and inhibit the amygdala, however, are less well understood. This review provides evidence from imaging and lesion studies to support the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-019-09398-4
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past few decades, research has established that the cerebellum is involved in executive functions; however, its specific role remains unclear. There are numerous theories of cerebellar function and numerous cognitive processes falling under the umbrella of executive function, making investigations of the cere...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-020-09465-1
更新日期:2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::In the past 20 years, many studies in the cognitive neurosciences have analyzed human ability to navigate in recently learned and familiar environments by investigating the cognitive processes involved in successful navigation. In this study, we reviewed the main experimental paradigms and made a cognitive-oriented me...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-014-9247-8
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The monetary incentive delay task breaks down reward processing into discrete stages for fMRI analysis. Here we look at anticipation of monetary gain and loss contrasted with neutral anticipation. We meta-analysed data from 15 original whole-brain group maps (n = 346) and report extensive areas of relative activation ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s11065-018-9385-5
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain injury, stressor severity, depression, premorbid vulnerabilities, and PTSD are frequently intertwined in trauma populations. This interaction is further complicated when the neuropsychologist evaluates refugees from other cultures. In addition, the observed psychiatric symptoms reported in refugees and victims o...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1016650623996
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive dysfunction is highly prevalent, disabling, and poorly-managed in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent evidence suggests that exercise might have beneficial effects on cognition in this population. The current systematic, evidence-based review examined the existing literature on exercise, physical ac...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-016-9324-2
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropsychological research provides a useful framework to study emotional problems, such as depression, and their correlates. This paper reviews several prominent neuropsychological theories. Functional neuroanatomical systems of emotion and depression are reviewed, including those that describe cerebral asymmetries ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1022300622902
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review synthesized current literature of behavioral and cognitive studies targeting reward processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Positive Valence System (PVS) domain was used as an overarching framework. The objectives were to deter...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-020-09459-z
更新日期:2020-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::The notion that memory for music can be preserved in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has been raised by a number of case studies. In this paper, we review the current research examining musical memory in patients with AD. In keeping with models of memory described in the non-musical domain, we propose that vari...
journal_title:Neuropsychology review
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9085-2
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00