Abstract:
:It has been noted since 1981 that late primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in adolescence or young adulthood can account for the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), including the association with higher socio-economic status, the latitudinal variation in prevalence, the effects of migration on the risk of acquiring MS, and the occurrence of clusters and epidemics. Virtually all (>99%) people with MS are EBV seropositive, suggesting that EBV infection is essential for the development of MS. The EBV-infected autoreactive B-cell hypothesis of autoimmunity published in 2003 proposes that, in genetically susceptible individuals, EBV-infected autoreactive B cells seed the target organ where they produce pathogenic autoantibodies and provide costimulatory survival signals to autoreactive T cells. This hypothesis makes several predictions, some of which have been verified in the case of MS, namely: the presence of EBV-infected B cells in the central nervous system; a beneficial response to B-cell depletion with rituximab; and decreased CD8(+) T-cell immunity to EBV-infected B cells. The hypothesis also predicts that chronic autoimmune diseases will respond to treatment which controls EBV infection. Thus it is proposed that vaccination against EBV will prevent MS, and that effective antiviral drugs will inhibit disease progression in people with MS and potentially be curative.
journal_name
Autoimmun Revjournal_title
Autoimmunity reviewsauthors
Pender MPdoi
10.1016/j.autrev.2009.01.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-06-01 00:00:00pages
563-8issue
7eissn
1568-9972issn
1873-0183pii
S1568-9972(09)00022-6journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuvant (ASIA) is a definition aimed to describe the common etiological process at the root of five clinical entities sharing similar symptomatology: macrophagic myofasciitis syndrome (MMF), Gulf War Syndrome (GWS), sick building syndrome (SBS), siliconosis, and post vaccination autoimm...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.037
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by relapses and remissions. The risk of acquiring this complex disease is associated with exposure to environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. The epidemiology of MS has been exte...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.010
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The earliest experimental trials of monoclonal antibodies took place in the early 1980s using murine monoclonal antibodies directed at human lymphoma and leukemia cell antigens. Since those early trials, therapeutic advances have produced monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins that are now used in multiple disease ...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.001
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by increased proliferation and activation of benign macrophages with hemophagocytosis throughout the reticuloendothelial system. Uncontrolled T-lymphocyte activation is responsible for increased T(H)1 cytokines secretion such as IFN-gamma, IL-12...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S1568-9972(03)00091-0
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The etiology of autoimmune diseases is multifactorial: genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immunological factors are all considered important in their development. Nevertheless, the onset of at least 50% of autoimmune disorders has been attributed to "unknown trigger factors". Physical and psychological stress has b...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2007.11.007
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare multi-system autoimmune disease, characterised by a pauci-immune necrotising small-vessel vasculitis, with a relapsing and remitting course. Like many autoimmune diseases, the exact aetiology of AAV, and the factors that influenc...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102660
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differentiation of epithelial cells is required to define tissue architecture and appropriate function of these cells is associated with a specific pattern of gene expression. DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and chromatin remodeling are nuclear mechanisms implicated in epigenetic control o...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2010.09.022
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To enable clinicians to use autoantibody tests sensibly and economically, laboratories providing the test service have a responsibility to supply the test 'specifications'. This should include information about the test's validity and reliability, its normal range or range within a control population, its sensitivity ...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1568-9972(02)00061-7
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of accuracy are often more complex to understand than clinical trials, since there can be more than one outcome and scope (screening, diagnosis, and prognosis) and because results have to be reported in more than one way, than in clinical trials (relative risk or odds ratio). Sensitivity and specificity are co...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.07.004
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI) is a major antigen for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) present in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is subsequently targeted by beta2-GPI and anti-beta2-GPI autoantibodies. Ligands specific for beta2-GPI derived from oxLDL have be...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1568-9972(02)00084-8
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade significant advantages have been made in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and therapeutic strategies have changed a lot. These days, highly effective disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs enable intervention early in the disease process, in order to prevent major joint damage. For years, ...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2005.02.001
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages are divided into several functional subtypes involved in host defence, wound healing and immune regulation. In an alternate view, increased understanding of macrophage biology can also be gained by including anatomical location as a parameter. The focus of this review lies on tolerogenic features of macrop...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.03.004
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disorders of peripheral nervous system in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (PNS-SLE) are a major cause of morbidity. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of PNS-SLE involvement in a large cohort of SLE patients from a single centre, to characterize such involvement, treatment modali...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.05.011
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of autoantibodies (AAB) by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) remains the hallmark of diagnosing autoimmune diseases despite the introduction of multiplex techniques. Non-organ specific AAB are screened in routine diagnostics by IIF on HEp-2 cells. However, IIF results vary due to objective (e.g., cell fixatio...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.02.033
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Renal involvement in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is associated with significant morbidity and higher mortality rates. This study examined clinical manifestations associated with renal involvement in ANCA-associated vasculitis within a large, international cross-sectional co...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102495
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate differences between childhood (cPAN)- and adult-onset polyarteritis nodosa (aPAN) patients. METHODS:cPAN patients' clinical findings at onset and outcomes were compared to those of aPAN patients from the French Vasculitis Study Group registry matched for year of enrollment and initial systemic...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.08.001
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the earliest reports in 2001, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease has been defined as an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by the lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of affected tissues leading to fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis along with elevated serum IgG4 levels. Prior to this unifying hypothesis...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.06.003
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the role of CD20 antigen in B cell function and the effectiveness and limits of passive immunotherapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) in the treatment of autoimmune (or immune-mediated) diseases. Active immunotherapy is a more feasible way to control these chronic diseases. A peptid...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2005.04.004
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between malignancy and autoimmune myositis has been largely described and confirmed by numerous epidemiological studies. The temporal relationship between the two pathologic conditions can vary: malignancy may occur before, at the same time or following the diagnosis of myositis. Beside these observati...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.12.005
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major breakthroughs have occurred with classification of B-cells into populations and subpopulations. With respect to their expression of CD5, they comprise the B1 and B2 populations, with the former further divided into B1a and B1b subpopulations. The oncologic process starts from transitional type 1 (T1) and T2 imma...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2006.09.011
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to cause acute and chronic liver disease, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently associated to autoimmune disorders, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia, primary glomerulonephritis, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and post-transplant proliferative disorders. Progression to malignant ...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.03.008
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular obliteration, excessive extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis of the connective tissues of the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, heart, and kidneys. Numerous infectious agents (bacterial and viral) have been proposed as possible trig...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.022
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As part of a landmark review of the antigen excess, Jacobs et al. (Autoimmunity Reviews 2015;14:160-167) contrast how immunoassay "interference" by non-target biomolecules can cause spurious readings for clinical diagnostic tests. The purpose of the present Letter is to complement and analytically extend this descript...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102663
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate kinase C (ITPKC), rs28493229, was found to passively confer susceptibility for Kawasaki syndrome (KS) and subsequent coronary arterial lesions. This association is believed to be the result of defective phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.03.006
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) result from a dysregulation of the immune system leading to an immune attack on the thyroid. AITD are T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disorders. The prevalence of AITD is estimated to be 5%; however, the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies may be even higher. The AITD comp...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.016
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, is a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammatory arthritis. JIA is considered to be an autoimmune disease, which is a result of immune reaction caused or triggered by environmental factors...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.018
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of undifferentiated spondyloarthritis has been introduced recently to describe a clinical setting where the classical features of spondyloarthritis (SpA) are not fully present. Whether this is a discrete entity was the basis of a debate during the 4th International Congress on Controversies in Rheumatology...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.006
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory muscle diseases (IMD), including dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM), affect skeletal muscle, leading to profound tissue modification. The etiology of IMD is unknown, but multiple steps of the disease pathogenesis have been identified. The main alterations involve the immune response. Cellular infi...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1568-9972(02)00055-1
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of professional antigen presenting cells which are the initiators and key regulators for both immunity and tolerance induction. The significance and impact of DC biology in contemporary immunology and medical research is heightened by the award of the 2011 No...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.03.004
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (+896 A/G) gene polymorphism has been reported to be associated with susceptibility to giant cell arteritis (GCA) with inconsistent results. To provide a more definitive conclusion, a cumulative meta-analysis of the association of TLR4 (+896 A/G) polymorphism with GCA susceptibility...
journal_title:Autoimmunity reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.06.002
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00