Abstract：
:Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically complex and multifactorial psychiatric disorder of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Family, twin and adoption studies suggest a genetic influence in the etiology of ADHD. Two variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphic systems have been frequently associated with this disorder: the 7 repeat (R) allele in exon 3 of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and the 10R allele located in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the dopamine transporter (DAT1). We conducted a case-control association study between ADHD and these polymorphisms in a group of adolescent inhabitants of the metropolitan area of Mexico City. In addition, we evaluated the interaction between these genes, the disorder and its associated psychiatric comorbidities. No positive association between ADHD and the 7R allele of DRD4 or the 10R allele of DAT1 was observed; however, compared to controls, patients with internalized comorbidities had a lesser frequency of genotypes with the 7R allele of DRD4 and the 10/10 genotype of DAT1. A logistic regression analysis showed that the simultaneous absence of the 10/10 DAT1 and 7/7 DRD4 genotypes predicts membership to the group of ADHD patients with internalized comorbidities (e.g. anxiety, depression). Our results highlight the importance of cross-ethnic research and the possibility of a distinct genetic basis that underlies the type of comorbidities associated with ADHD. This result should be considered in terms of the study design, and further replication is necessary in an independent sample.
journal_name
Neurosci Lettjournal_title
Neuroscience lettersauthors
Gabriela ML,John DG,Magdalena BV,Ariadna GS,Francisco de LP,Liz SM,Lino PC,Josefina RG,Ernesto RZ,Carlos CFdoi
10.1016/j.neulet.2009.01.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-02-27 00:00:00pages
257-60issue
3eissn
0304-3940issn
1872-7972pii
S0304-3940(09)00009-3journal_volume
451pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Substance P (SP) stimulates striatal dopamine outflow through a cholinergic muscarinic link. SP-induced increase in acetylcholine (Ach) is concentration-dependent, whereas the stimulation of dopamine outflow is seen only over a limited concentration range. M(1) and M(2) receptor stimulation has opposite effects on dop...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01529-9
更新日期：2000-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Small intestinal motility was monitored in conscious rats chronically fitted with intraparietal electrodes, the third and fourth weeks after intraperitoneal administration of saline (controls) or N-(2-chloro-ethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4, 50 mg/kg), a noradrenergic neurotoxin. Norepinephrine concentrations ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(88)90205-4
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study we investigate the inhibitory circuitries that regulate the neuronal activity in the lateral and basal nuclei, which are the main sensory input regions of the amygdala. Axon terminals immunoreactive for parvalbumin, a calcium-binding protein known to colocalize with GABA, were examined in these re...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were treated with once-daily subcutaneous injections of atropine or normal saline for 10 days. Cryostat sections of fresh-frozen brain were subjected to quantitative muscarinic receptor ([3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate (QNB)) binding autoradiography, and quantitative in-situ hybridization autoradiography for beta-amyl...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(96)12650-1
更新日期：1996-05-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The known regional abnormality of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and its role in various neural circuits in schizophrenia has given prominence to its importance in studies on the dysconnection associated with schizophrenia. Abnormal functional connectivities of the DLPFC have been found during various goal...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2007.02.081
更新日期：2007-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has confirmed that the strengths of the long distance functional connectivity between different brain areas are correlated with individual differences in intelligence. However, the association between the local connectivity within a specific brain region and intellig...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2010.11.046
更新日期：2011-01-25 00:00:00
abstract：:We have addressed the role of the head of caudate nucleus in taks of lexical decision, semantic categorization, reading aloud, memory retrieval and object naming by recording neuronal activity from depth electrodes in parkinsonism patients. The firing rate of cells was increased within 400-600 ms when semantic process...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00680-0
更新日期：1997-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Surround inhibition (SI) is a neural mechanism to focus neuronal activity and facilitate selective motor execution (ME). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether SI is also generated during motor imagery (MI). Furthermore, we investigated whether the extent of SI during MI depends on the strength of SI ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.012
更新日期：2016-08-26 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to describe how high altitude affects the body during a one night stay at 4000m experiments were performed in a hypobaric chamber and compared to a study on Dachstein (mountain in Austria, 2700m). Ten subjects had to perform a reaction time task at different altitudes. The EEG and ECG were recorded simultaneo...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.075
更新日期：2008-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The cells of the entorhinal cortex receive a dense innervation of serotonergic fibres from the Raphe nuclei and express a high density of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptors. We investigated the effects of serotonin on excitatory synaptic transmission in principal cells from entorhinal cortex layers II and III w...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(95)11494-h
更新日期：1995-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:PC12 cells, a clonal cell line established from a rat pheochromocytoma, were injected into the subarachnoid space in the lumbar spinal cord of adult rats. These cells invaded the spinal cord as a metastatic tumor and, after 2 weeks, displaced one-third of the cord parenchyma, causing hind limb paralysis. The tumor con...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(86)90437-4
更新日期：1986-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in APP are associated with familial early-onset Alzheimer disease (FAD). Examination of the genomic sequence in one patient with FAD revealed a change located in the axon 17 of the APP gene at position 275329G>A (GenBank accession number: D87675; GI: 2429080); cDNA sequence 2137G>A (GenBank accession number:...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2004.08.026
更新日期：2004-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:In the rat, electrical stimulation of the cranial end of the cut hepatic branch of the vagus nerve modulated gastric contractions. When the gastric contraction rate reached approximately one per min, nerve stimulation caused total suppression. When the stomach was free of contraction, nerve stimulation initiated one. ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(85)90097-7
更新日期：1985-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic social defeat stress in mice significantly decreases subsequent social interactions and induces other depression-like behaviors. Here we measured and manipulated levels of acetylated histone H3 (acH3), a chromatin mark of transcriptional activation, in the hippocampus and amygdala after ten continuous days of ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2011.02.022
更新日期：2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the brain were immunohistochemically examined in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging using anti-AGE antibody recognizing mainly carboxymethyllysine. AGE positive staining diffusely located in the neuronal perikarya of hippocampus and parahippocampus in AD and aged brains withou...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13275-4
更新日期：1996-12-27 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined specific expression of protein kinase C (PK-C) isozymes in cultured human glial and neuronal cell lines, using type-specific monoclonal antibodies MC-1a, -2a, and -3a (Hidaka H. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 263 (1988) 4523-4526). Immunoblotting experiments revealed that a 80 kDa band of three kinds of glioblast...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(90)90698-9
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activin A levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with meningitis and in the sera of patients with sepsis. The source(s) of the elevated concentrations of activin A in CSF and serum have not yet been discovered. Here we demonstrate that primary mouse microglial cells and peritoneal macrophages...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2006.11.065
更新日期：2007-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurons located in the mesencephalic ventro-medial tegmentum (VMT) and projecting to the nucleus accumbens, the septum and the frontal cortex were identified by the antidromic activation method. The activity of single VMT cells was extracellularly recorded in Ketamine anaesthetized rats. The effect of the stimulat...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(79)96097-x
更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cultured rat pheochromocytoma cells, PC-12, were found to contain renin-like activity. The activity which was inhibited by monospecific antibodies to rat renal renin showed a pH optimum between 6 and 7, indicating that it was a specific renin. The cells also contained angiotensin I and angiotensin I converting enzyme....
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(84)90433-6
更新日期：1984-05-04 00:00:00
abstract：:We have recently observed that the free radical-generating mixture of xanthine and xanthine oxidase (X/XO) can suppress the inhibitory effects of adenosine on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, but that this action can be mimicked by xanthine alone. We have now clarified the mechanism of these interactions by u...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2004.04.075
更新日期：2004-07-29 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.039
更新日期：2009-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The simple cerebellar lobule is involved in several neuromotor processes and it is activated during guided exercise. Although guided exercises are essential for motor rehabilitation, the plastic events that occur in the simple cerebellar lobule during motor training remain unknown. In this study, normal adult rats wer...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.043
更新日期：2011-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The critical period for visual system development in rats normally peaks at postnatal three weeks and ends at postnatal five weeks. However, the change of short-term synaptic plasticity during this period has rarely been investigated. In the present study, we compared the short-term plasticity of visual cortical respo...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.054
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the first report of the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity in a subpopulation of the intrinsic neurones that innervate the heart. A cytochemical technique to detect NADPH-d and antisera raised against purified rat cerebellar NOS were employed to exa...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(92)90234-x
更新日期：1992-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrastriatal injections of kainic acid in rat brain, which destroyed striatal nerve cell bodies and their axons projecting to the substantia nigra (s. nigra) decreased the rate of breakdown of exogenuously added substance P by washed slice preparations of s. nigra. Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the s. ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(79)96116-0
更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acrolein-induced oxidative stress is hypothesized to involve in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Caffeic acid (CA) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) have antioxidative and neuroprotective properties. The present study investigated the protective effects of CA/CAPE on acrolein-induced oxidative neuronal ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2012.12.051
更新日期：2013-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Presenilin 1 mutations are the major cause of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Here we present evidence that pathogenic mutations in putative transmembrane domains 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 align along helical faces, thus supporting the view that these are indeed transmembrane domains, and suggesting that disruption of ...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01910-3
更新日期：2001-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Polypeptides phosphorylated in vivo in Drosophila mutants defective in learning and memory, were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of subcellular fractions obtained by phase partitioning in Triton X-114 [3]. In the mutants turnip, dunce and Shaker, one or more bands at a molecular weight range of 50-...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(89)90602-2
更新日期：1989-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Repeated stimulation can lead to a decrement in the amplitude of a response, or its disappearance. This is known as habituation. Responses recorded in the reticular formation of the brain to peripherally applied stimuli tend to habituate. Decerebration considerably reduces the occurrence of this habituation and naloxo...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0304-3940(83)90093-9
更新日期：1983-09-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, are activated in response to any kind of CNS injury, and their activation is critical for maintaining homeostasis within the CNS. However, during inflammatory conditions, sustained microglial activation results in damage to surrounding neuronal cells. beta-Glucans are...
journal_title：Neuroscience letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.039
更新日期：2009-07-24 00:00:00
