Abstract:
:In order to determine synteny conservation of the avian Z chromosome, a chicken (Gallus gallus, GGA) Z chromosome painting probe was hybridized to the chromosomes of 14 bird species belonging to 11 different families. The GGAZ painted the Z chromosomes in all species analyzed, suggesting strong conservation of its gene content among the different avian lineages. This was confirmed by the mapping of five GGAZ-orthologous genes (DMRT1, GHR, CHRNB3, ALDOB, B4GALT1) to the Z chromosomes of eight other species. The shuffled order of these genes on different Z chromosomes can be explained by the prevalence of intrachromosomal rearrangements during avian evolution. Synteny conservation of the mammalian X is generally thought to be the result of X chromosome inactivation. The absence of Z chromosome inactivation implies sex-specific dosage differences of a highly conserved array of Z-linked genes in birds. The evolutionary conservation of the entire Z chromosome among avian lineages supports the idea that avian sex determination and/or sex-specific functions are largely based on sex chromosome dosage. We propose that the accumulation of male-specific genes on the Z chromosome confers selective pressure on the Z to conserve its synteny.
journal_name
Cytogenet Genome Resjournal_title
Cytogenetic and genome researchauthors
Nanda I,Schlegelmilch K,Haaf T,Schartl M,Schmid Mdoi
10.1159/000163092subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
150-6issue
2eissn
1424-8581issn
1424-859Xpii
000163092journal_volume
122pub_type
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