A signaling protease required for melanization in Drosophila affects resistance and tolerance of infections.

abstract：:Understanding the molecular events that underlie the evolution of morphological diversity is a major challenge in biology. Here, to identify genes whose expression correlates with species-specific morphologies, we compared transcriptomes of two closely related Hydra species. We find that species-specific differences i...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Khalturin K,Anton-Erxleben F,Sassmann S,Wittlieb J,Hemmrich G,Bosch TC

更新日期：2008-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Because physical form and function are intimately linked, mechanisms that maintain cell shape and size within strict limits are likely to be important for a wide variety of biological processes. However, while intrinsic controls have been found to contribute to the relatively well-defined shape of bacteria and yeast c...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Picone R,Ren X,Ivanovitch KD,Clarke JD,McKendry RA,Baum B

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular aging, a progressive functional decline driven by damage accumulation, often culminates in the mortality of a cell lineage. Certain lineages, however, are able to sustain long-lasting immortality, as prominently exemplified by stem cells. Here, we show that Escherichia coli cell lineages exhibit comparable pa...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Proenca AM,Rang CU,Qiu A,Shi C,Chao L

更新日期：2019-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent cancer studies emphasize that genetic and heritable epigenetic changes drive the evolutionary rate of cancer progression and drug resistance. We discuss the ways in which nonheritable aspects of cellular variability may significantly increase evolutionary rate. Nonheritable variability arises by stochastic fluc...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Frank SA,Rosner MR

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given that gene duplication is a major driving force of evolutionary change and the key mechanism underlying the emergence of new genes and biological processes, this study sought to use a novel genome-wide approach to identify genes that have undergone lineage-specific duplications or contractions among several homin...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Fortna A,Kim Y,MacLaren E,Marshall K,Hahn G,Meltesen L,Brenton M,Hink R,Burgers S,Hernandez-Boussard T,Karimpour-Fard A,Glueck D,McGavran L,Berry R,Pollack J,Sikela JM

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As a result of sex chromosome differentiation from ancestral autosomes, male mammalian cells only contain one X chromosome. It has long been hypothesized that X-linked gene expression levels have become doubled in males to restore the original transcriptional output, and that the resulting X overexpression in females ...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Julien P,Brawand D,Soumillon M,Necsulea A,Liechti A,Schütz F,Daish T,Grützner F,Kaessmann H

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiomyocytes are vulnerable to hypoxia in the adult, but adapted to hypoxia in utero. Current understanding of endogenous cardiac oxygen sensing pathways is limited. Myocardial oxygen consumption is determined by regulation of energy metabolism, which shifts from glycolysis to lipid oxidation soon after birth, and i...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Breckenridge RA,Piotrowska I,Ng KE,Ragan TJ,West JA,Kotecha S,Towers N,Bennett M,Kienesberger PC,Smolenski RT,Siddall HK,Offer JL,Mocanu MM,Yelon DM,Dyck JR,Griffin JL,Abramov AY,Gould AP,Mohun TJ

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapidly grouping local elements into an organized object (i.e., perceptual integration) is a fundamental yet challenging task, especially in noisy contexts. Previous studies demonstrate that ventral visual pathway, which is widely known to mediate object recognition, engages in the process by conveying object-level in...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Liu L,Wang F,Zhou K,Ding N,Luo H

更新日期：2017-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Many efforts are making science more open and accessible; they are mostly concentrated on issues that appear before and after experiments are performed: open access journals, open databases, and many other tools to increase reproducibility of science and access to information. However, these initiatives do not promote...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Maia Chagas A

更新日期：2018-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent report by the Institute of Medicine leaves few urgent reasons standing for the continued use of chimpanzees in biomedical research. It is high time to think about their retirement, Frans de Waal argues, without neglecting prospects for non-invasive research on behavior, cognition, and genetics. ...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： de Waal FB

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cell is a minifactory in which structures and molecules are assembled, rearranged, disassembled, packaged, sorted, and transported. Because cellular structures and molecules are invisible to the human eye, students often have difficulty conceptualizing the dynamic nature of cells that function at multiple scales acr...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Reindl KM,White AR,Johnson C,Vender B,Slator BM,McClean P

更新日期：2015-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Modification of proteins by SUMO is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. During DNA replication, the Mms21-branch of the SUMO pathway counteracts recombination intermediates at damaged replication forks, thus facilitating sister chromatid disjunction. The Mms21 SUMO ligase docks to the arm region of the ...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Bermúdez-López M,Pociño-Merino I,Sánchez H,Bueno A,Guasch C,Almedawar S,Bru-Virgili S,Garí E,Wyman C,Reverter D,Colomina N,Torres-Rosell J

更新日期：2015-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc is an essential mineral, but our understanding of its uses in the body is limited. Capitalizing on approaches available in the model system Caenorhabditis elegans, Zhao and colleagues show that zinc transduces a signal that induces sperm to become motile. This is an enigmatic process because sperm in all sexually...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Chu DS

更新日期：2018-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:This primer discusses a study from Bradley et al. in which changes in transcription factor binding between two Drosophila species are revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing. ...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Wittkopp PJ

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage modulation of microbial populations impacts critical processes in ocean, soil, and animal ecosystems. However, the role of bacteriophages with RNA genomes (RNA bacteriophages) in these processes is poorly understood, in part because of the limited number of known RNA bacteriophage species. Here, we ident...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Krishnamurthy SR,Janowski AB,Zhao G,Barouch D,Wang D

更新日期：2016-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotes, the highly conserved U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) base-pairs to multiple sites in the pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) to promote early cleavage and folding events. Binding of the U3 box A region to the pre-rRNA is mutually exclusive with folding of the central pseudoknot (CPK), a universally conserved r...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Sardana R,Liu X,Granneman S,Zhu J,Gill M,Papoulas O,Marcotte EM,Tollervey D,Correll CC,Johnson AW

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Rodent whisker input consists of dense microvibration sequences that are often temporally integrated for perceptual discrimination. Whether primary somatosensory cortex (S1) participates in temporal integration is unknown. We trained rats to discriminate whisker impulse sequences that varied in single-impulse kinemati...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： McGuire LM,Telian G,Laboy-Juárez KJ,Miyashita T,Lee DJ,Smith KA,Feldman DE

更新日期：2016-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Instead of combating the acidification of the host cell vacuole, Salmonella acidifies its own cytoplasm in response to the low extracellular pH, helping it to secrete effector molecules. ...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Richardson LA

更新日期：2015-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer research has become a global enterprise, and the number of researchers, as well as the cost for their activities, has skyrocketed. The budget for the National Cancer Institute of the United States National Institutes of Health alone was US$5.2 billion in 2015. Since most of the research is funded by public mone...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Groner BL,Hynes NE

更新日期：2016-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from somatic cells by genetic manipulation. Reprogramming entails multiple transgene integrations and occurs apparently stochastically in rare cells over many days. Tissue stem cells may be subject to less-stringent epigenetic restrictions than other cells and might t...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Silva J,Barrandon O,Nichols J,Kawaguchi J,Theunissen TW,Smith A

更新日期：2008-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Why do we sleep? The sleep patterns and mechanisms that occur throughout development may give us a clue. ...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Siegel JM

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic plasticity is widely believed to constitute a key mechanism for modifying functional properties of neuronal networks. This belief implicitly implies, however, that synapses, when not driven to change their characteristics by physiologically relevant stimuli, will maintain these characteristics over time. How ...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Minerbi A,Kahana R,Goldfeld L,Kaufman M,Marom S,Ziv NE

更新日期：2009-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major challenges of functional genomics is to unravel the connection between genotype and phenotype. So far no global analysis has attempted to explore those connections in the light of the large phenotypic variability seen in nature. Here, we use an unsupervised, systematic approach for associating genes a...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Korbel JO,Doerks T,Jensen LJ,Perez-Iratxeta C,Kaczanowski S,Hooper SD,Andrade MA,Bork P

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For the last 100 years, it has been uncontroversial to state that the plant germline is set aside late in development, but there is surprisingly little evidence to support this view. In contrast, much evolutionary theory and several recent empirical studies seem to suggest the opposite-that the germlines of some and p...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Lanfear R

更新日期：2018-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:How often do people visit the world's protected areas (PAs)? Despite PAs covering one-eighth of the land and being a major focus of nature-based recreation and tourism, we don't know. To address this, we compiled a globally-representative database of visits to PAs and built region-specific models predicting visit rate...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Balmford A,Green JM,Anderson M,Beresford J,Huang C,Naidoo R,Walpole M,Manica A

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:During in vitro fertilisation (IVF), pharmacological activation of the murine X chromosome-encoded receptor proteins Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 reportedly results in male-biased litters by selectively disrupting the motility of X-bearing sperm cells. Thus-in the context of agonist treatment during IVF-these r...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Navarro-Costa PA,Molaro A,Misra CS,Meiklejohn CD,Ellis PJ

更新日期：2020-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The Global Health 2035 report notes that the "grand convergence"--closure of the infectious, maternal, and child mortality gap between rich and poor countries--is dependent on research and development (R&D) of new drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and other health tools. However, this convergence (and the R&D underpinning...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Moran M

更新日期：2016-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1)-autophagy-related 13 (ATG13) is the most upstream autophagy initiation complex that is phosphorylated by mammalian target-of-rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to induce autophagy in asynchronous conditions. However, their phospho-regul...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Li Z,Tian X,Ji X,Wang J,Chen H,Wang D,Zhang X

更新日期：2020-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the developmental principles of sensory and cognitive processing have been extensively investigated, their synergy has been largely neglected. During early life, most sensory systems are still largely immature. As a notable exception, the olfactory system is functional at birth, controlling mother-offspring i...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Gretenkord S,Kostka JK,Hartung H,Watznauer K,Fleck D,Minier-Toribio A,Spehr M,Hanganu-Opatz IL

更新日期：2019-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite many prior studies demonstrating offline behavioral gains in motor skills after sleep, the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. To investigate the neurophysiological basis for offline gains, we performed single-unit recordings in motor cortex as rats learned a skilled upper-limb task. We foun...

journal_title：PLoS biology

authors： Ramanathan DS,Gulati T,Ganguly K

更新日期：2015-09-18 00:00:00