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Non-invasive visualization of CNS inflammation with nuclear and optical imaging.

Abstract：

:Inflammation is crucially involved in many diseases of the CNS. Immune cells may attack the CNS, as in multiple sclerosis, and therefore be responsible for primary damage. Immune cells may also be activated by injury to the CNS, as for example in stroke or brain trauma, secondarily enhancing lesion growth. In general, CNS inflammation involves a complex interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory cells and molecules. The blood-brain barrier loses its integrity, plasma proteins leak into the CNS parenchyma, followed by invasion of blood-borne immune cells, and activation of resident microglial cells and astrocytes. However, inflammation not only exacerbates CNS disease, it is also indispensable in containment and resolution of tissue damage, as well as repair and regeneration. The time course and the contribution of inflammatory processes to the pathophysiology of the disease depend on several factors including the type of injury and the time point after injury, and can exhibit a high individual variability. Imaging technologies that enable specific visualization of these inflammatory processes non-invasively are therefore highly desirable. They provide powerful tools to further evaluate the contribution of specific processes to the pathophysiology of CNS disease. Moreover, these technologies may be valuable in detecting and assessing disease progression, in stratifying patients for therapy, and in monitoring therapy. Among the existing non-invasive imaging methods to visualize neuroinflammation in the CNS, we here review the current status of nuclear and optical imaging techniques, with particular emphasis on the sensitivity, specificity, as well as the limitations of these approaches.

journal_name

Neuroscience

journal_title

Neuroscience

authors

Wunder A,Klohs J,Dirnagl U

doi

10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.10.005

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-02-06 00:00:00

pages

1161-73

issue

3

eissn

0306-4522

issn

1873-7544

pii

S0306-4522(08)01488-7

journal_volume

158

pub_type

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