The initiator directs the assembly of a transcription factor IID-dependent transcription complex.

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related species have been suggested to play a key role in the astrochemical evolution of the interstellar medium, but the formation mechanism of even their simplest building block--the aromatic benzene molecule--has remained elusive for decades. Here we demonstrate in crossed molec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones BM,Zhang F,Kaiser RI,Jamal A,Mebel AM,Cordiner MA,Charnley SB

更新日期：2011-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The locus control region of the beta-globin gene is composed of four erythroid-specific hypersensitive sites. Hypersensitive site 2 has been shown to be a powerful enhancer and contains a tandem repeat sequence for the transcription factors AP1 and NFE2 (activating protein 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2, respectivel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chan K,Lu R,Chang JC,Kan YW

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The method of anticodon loop replacement has been used to make derivatives of yeast tRNAPhe. By constructing tRNAs with a CUA anticodon, complementary to the amber (UAG) terminator, functional amber suppressor tRNAs were produced. The activity of these tRNAs was assayed in a mammalian cell-free protein synthesizing sy...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bruce AG,Atkins JF,Wills N,Uhlenbeck O,Gesteland RF

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian CLC proteins function as Cl(-) channels or as electrogenic Cl(-)/H(+) exchangers and are present in the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles. We now show that the ClC-6 protein is almost exclusively expressed in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, with a particularly high expression ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Poët M,Kornak U,Schweizer M,Zdebik AA,Scheel O,Hoelter S,Wurst W,Schmitt A,Fuhrmann JC,Planells-Cases R,Mole SE,Hübner CA,Jentsch TJ

更新日期：2006-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The basolateral membranes of Aplysia californica foregut absorptive cells contain both Cl(-)-stimulated ATPase and ATP-dependent Cl- transport activities, and each was inhibited by orthovanadate. Both of these orthovanadate-sensitive activities were reconstituted into proteoliposomes. The reaction sequence kinetics we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gerencser GA,Zelezna B

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lymphoma-inducing potential of Ig heavy-chain enhancer- and promoter-regulated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) was evaluated in three transgenic FVB mouse lineages. EBNA1 was expressed at a higher level in transgenic B220(+) splenocytes than in EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines. EBNA1 was a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kang MS,Lu H,Yasui T,Sharpe A,Warren H,Cahir-McFarland E,Bronson R,Hung SC,Kieff E

更新日期：2005-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its discovery in 1907, polyploidy has been recognized as an important phenomenon in vascular plants, and several lines of evidence indicate that most, if not all, plant species ultimately have a polyploid ancestry. However, previous estimates of the frequency of polyploid speciation suggest that the formation an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wood TE,Takebayashi N,Barker MS,Mayrose I,Greenspoon PB,Rieseberg LH

更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:MCF10A mammary epithelial cells form growth-arrested structures when cultured in three-dimensional basement membrane gels. Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 induces formation of proliferative structures that share properties with noninvasive early stage lesions. We conducted a genetic screen to identify...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seton-Rogers SE,Lu Y,Hines LM,Koundinya M,LaBaer J,Muthuswamy SK,Brugge JS

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) is an essential regulator of colonic epithelial restitution, the rapid migration of colonocytes over mucosal wounds. High levels of ITF are frequently present in colorectal cancers and derived cell lines. Mucosal restitution requires the detachment of epithelium from substrate, which wo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taupin DR,Kinoshita K,Podolsky DK

更新日期：2000-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcific aortic valve disease is a chronic inflammatory process, and aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) from diseased aortic valves express greater levels of osteogenic factors in response to proinflammatory stimulation. Here, we report that lower cellular levels of IL-37 in AVICs of diseased human aortic valves ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zeng Q,Song R,Fullerton DA,Ao L,Zhai Y,Li S,Ballak DB,Cleveland JC Jr,Reece TB,McKinsey TA,Xu D,Dinarello CA,Meng X

更新日期：2017-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:What determines the firing rate of cortical neurons in the absence of external sensory input or motor behavior, such as during sleep? Here we report that, in a familiar environment, the discharge frequency of simultaneously recorded individual CA1 pyramidal neurons and the coactivation of cell pairs remain highly corr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirase H,Leinekugel X,Czurkó A,Csicsvari J,Buzsáki G

更新日期：2001-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:An in vitro system for replication of lambda dv plasmid DNA has been constructed. This system consists of an ammonium sulfate fraction from Escherichia coli extract, exogenously added purified lambda O and P proteins, and lambda dv DNA in closed circular form. More than 85% of the added template DNA replicated semicon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsurimoto T,Matsubara K

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoprecipitation of proteins extracted from metabolically labeled human glioblastoma and fibrosarcoma cells with antiserum to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) showed that these cells express and secrete proteins that are recognized specifically by the antiserum. The molecular masses of immunoprecipitated prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pantazis P,Pelicci PG,Dalla-Favera R,Antoniades HN

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In classical knot theory and the theory of quantum invariants substantial effort was directed toward the search for unknotting moves on links. We solve, in this article, several classical problems concerning unknotting moves. Our approach uses a concept, Burnside groups of links, that establishes an unexpected relatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dabkowski MK,Przytycki JH

更新日期：2004-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The surface layer of the oceans and other aquatic environments contains many bacteria that range in activity, from dormant cells to those with high rates of metabolism. However, little experimental evidence exists about the activity of specific bacterial taxa, especially rare ones. Here we explore the relationship bet...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Campbell BJ,Yu L,Heidelberg JF,Kirchman DL

更新日期：2011-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Many marine bacteria have evolved to grow optimally at either high (copiotrophic) or low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, enabling different species to colonize distinct trophic habitats in the oceans. Here, we compare the genome sequences of two bacteria, Photobacterium angustum S14 and Sphingopyxis alaskensis...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lauro FM,McDougald D,Thomas T,Williams TJ,Egan S,Rice S,DeMaere MZ,Ting L,Ertan H,Johnson J,Ferriera S,Lapidus A,Anderson I,Kyrpides N,Munk AC,Detter C,Han CS,Brown MV,Robb FT,Kjelleberg S,Cavicchioli R

更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi differentiate specialized infection structures within the living cells of their host plants. These haustoria have been linked to nutrient uptake ever since their discovery. We have for the first time to our knowledge shown that the flow of sugars from the host Vicia faba to the rust f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Voegele RT,Struck C,Hahn M,Mendgen K

更新日期：2001-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work has demonstrated that Web search volume can "predict the present," meaning that it can be used to accurately track outcomes such as unemployment levels, auto and home sales, and disease prevalence in near real time. Here we show that what consumers are searching for online can also predict their collective...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goel S,Hofman JM,Lahaie S,Pennock DM,Watts DJ

更新日期：2010-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Human CD11a/CD18 is a noncovalently associated heterodimeric receptor expressed exclusively on the surface of lymphocytes and myeloid cells. To begin to understand the mechanisms that direct the expression of the genes encoding this receptor, we have cloned and characterized the promoter region of the CD11a gene and l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shelley CS,Farokhzad OC,Arnaout MA

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phototropin, a major blue-light receptor for phototropism in seed plants, exhibits blue-light-dependent autophosphorylation and contains two light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domains and a serine/threonine kinase domain. The LOV domains share homology with the PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) superfamily, a diverse group of sensor pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crosson S,Moffat K

更新日期：2001-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X, is the most widely used defining marker for dendritic cells (DCs). CD11c can bind complement iC3b and mediate phagocytosis in vitro, for which it is also referred to as complement receptor 4. However, the functions of this prominent marker protein in DCs, especially in vivo, rema...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu J,Wu H,An J,Ballantyne CM,Cyster JG

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2R) is a critical step leading to normal lymphocyte proliferation. Since thymosin fraction 5 (TF5), a thymic hormone preparation, enhances lymphoproliferative responses of human cells, we examined the effects of TF5 on the expression of IL-2R on mitogen-stimulated human ly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sztein MB,Serrate SA,Goldstein AL

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-throughput metagenomic sequencing offers an unbiased approach to identify pathogens in clinical samples. Conventional metagenomic sequencing, however, does not integrate information about the host, which is often critical to distinguish infection from infectious disease, and to assess the severity of disease. Her...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng AP,Burnham P,Lee JR,Cheng MP,Suthanthiran M,Dadhania D,De Vlaminck I

更新日期：2019-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:By using a structure-based computer-assisted search, we have found a butyrophenone derivative that is a selective inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease. The computer program creates a negative image of the active site cavity using the crystal structure of the HIV-1 protease. This image was c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DesJarlais RL,Seibel GL,Kuntz ID,Furth PS,Alvarez JC,Ortiz de Montellano PR,DeCamp DL,Babé LM,Craik CS

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that uses a discontinuous transcription mechanism to generate a nested set of six subgenomic mRNAs from which its structural genes are expressed. A stable bacterial plasmid (pEAV030) containing a full-length cDNA copy of the 12.7-kb EAV genome was constructed...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Dinten LC,den Boon JA,Wassenaar AL,Spaan WJ,Snijder EJ

更新日期：1997-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescence decay functions of individual, specifically labeled tRNAPhe molecules exhibit nonexponential character as a result of conformational dynamics occurring during the measurement on a single molecule. tRNAPhe conformational states that interchange much more slowly are evidenced by the distribution of life...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jia Y,Sytnik A,Li L,Vladimirov S,Cooperman BS,Hochstrasser RM

更新日期：1997-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major surprises of the molecular analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is the large number of class I (K/D)-related sequences in the genome. Both restriction fragment length polymorphisms and cosmid cloning experiments showed them all to be closely linked to the MHC. Until now little info...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schepart BS,Woodward JG,Palmer MJ,Macchi MJ,Basta P,McLaughlin-Taylor E,Frelinger JA

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to determine the chemical features of human placental lactogen (hPL) necessary for its biologic activity we prepared the following fragments from the plasmin-cleaved hormone: reduced and alkylated 1--134, reduced and alkylated 141--191, and a 1--134 dimer joined through the single cysteinyl residue at positio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Russell J,Sherwood LM,Kowalski K,Schneider AB

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A gene's expression pattern provides clues to its role in normal physiology and disease. To provide quantitative expression levels on a genome-wide scale, the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP) uses serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Over 5 million transcript tags from more than 100 human cell types have bee...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boon K,Osorio EC,Greenhut SF,Schaefer CF,Shoemaker J,Polyak K,Morin PJ,Buetow KH,Strausberg RL,De Souza SJ,Riggins GJ

更新日期：2002-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel OTX-related homeodomain transcription factor has been identified on the basis of its ability to interact with the transactivation domain of the pituitary-specific POU domain protein, Pit-1. This factor, referred to as P-OTX (pituitary OTX-related factor), is expressed in primordial Rathke's pouch, oral epithel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Szeto DP,Ryan AK,O'Connell SM,Rosenfeld MG

更新日期：1996-07-23 00:00:00