Abstract：
:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an environmental pollutant that induces adverse immune effects in humans and rats. Brown Norway rats (BN) appear to be very susceptible to HCB-induced immune effects. Oral exposure causes inflammatory skin and lung lesions, enlarged spleen and lymph nodes (LN) and elevated humoral responses. This review describes recent experiments that were performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these adverse immune effects. The metabolites tetrachlorohydroquinone and tetrachlorobenzoquinone are capable of generating neoantigen-specific T-cells in the mouse reporter antigen popliteal lymph node assay with 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-Ficoll. Additional experiments in BN rats have shown that T-cells are involved in the development of HCB-induced skin lesions, the increase in auricular LN weight, lung eosinophilia, and humoral responses. However, splenomegaly and macrophage infiltration in the spleen and lung occur independent of T-cells. Remarkably, HCB does not induce T-cell sensitization in BN rats, suggesting that T-cells are activated nonspecifically, for example by macrophages. Transcriptome profiles obtained after subchronic HCB exposure to BN rats reveal that HCB induces a systemic inflammatory response in which several innate immune cells, such as macrophages, and pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved. Additional experiments have shown that macrophages are implicated in HCB-induced skin lesions, in particular in the aggravation of skin effects. Also, HCB-induced lung eosinophilia and elevation of anti-ssDNA IgM antibodies are less pronounced after macrophage elimination. Presumably, HCB activates macrophages, thereby generating pro-inflammatory adjuvant signals that induce a systemic inflammatory response. Subsequently, this may lead to polyclonal activation of T- and B-cells, eosinophilia, and eventually visible clinical effects.
journal_name
J Immunotoxicoljournal_title
Journal of immunotoxicologyauthors
Ezendam J,Vos JG,Pieters Rdoi
10.1080/15476910490907026subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-07-01 00:00:00pages
167-75issue
3eissn
1547-691Xissn
1547-6901pii
714111396journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Many environmental toxins have been shown to suppress the immune system across taxa. The foreign red blood cell (RBC) challenge is an important part of a complement of tests used to assess immunocompetence in the laboratory because it can assess an individual's humoral response without impacting its health. This chall...
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