Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) in insulin- and non-insulin-using adults with diabetes: consensus recommendations for improving SMBG accuracy, utilization, and research.

Abstract:

:Current clinical guidelines for diabetes care encourage self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) to improve glycemic control. Specific protocols remain variable, however, particularly among non-insulin-using patients. This is due in part to efficacy studies that neglect to consider (1) the performance of monitoring equipment under real-world conditions, (2) whether or how patients have been taught to take action on test results, and (3) the physiological, behavioral, and social circumstances in which SMBG is carried out. As such, a multidisciplinary group of specialists, including several endocrinologists, a health psychologist, a diabetes nurse practitioner, and a patient advocate (the Panel), discuss within this review article how the potential of SMBG might be fully realized in today's healthcare environment. The resulting recommendations cover technological, clinical, behavioral, and research considerations with the aim of achieving short- and long-term benefits, ranging from fewer hypoglycemic episodes to lower complication-related costs. The panel also made suggestions for designing future studies that increase the ability to discern optimal models of SMBG utilization for individuals with diabetes who may, or may not, use insulin.

journal_name

Diabetes Technol Ther

authors

Hirsch IB,Bode BW,Childs BP,Close KL,Fisher WA,Gavin JR,Ginsberg BH,Raine CH,Verderese CA

doi

10.1089/dia.2008.0104

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-12-01 00:00:00

pages

419-39

issue

6

eissn

1520-9156

issn

1557-8593

journal_volume

10

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Safety and Performance of the Omnipod Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Adults, Adolescents, and Children with Type 1 Diabetes Over 5 Days Under Free-Living Conditions.

    abstract:: Background: The objective of this study was to assess the safety and performance of the Omnipod® personalized model predictive control (MPC) algorithm in adults, adolescents, and children aged ≥6 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D) under free-living conditions using an invest...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0286

    authors: Sherr JL,Buckingham BA,Forlenza GP,Galderisi A,Ekhlaspour L,Wadwa RP,Carria L,Hsu L,Berget C,Peyser TA,Lee JB,O'Connor J,Dumais B,Huyett LM,Layne JE,Ly TT

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Family perceptions of insulin pump adverse events in children and adolescents.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Insulin pumps (for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]) are used widely in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Although there has been considerable study of outcomes, there are few recent data on CSII-associated adverse events and no data on family perceptions of adverse events and their confidence in deal...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0315

    authors: Wheeler BJ,Donaghue KC,Heels K,Ambler GR

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Determining clinical and psychological benefits and barriers with continuous glucose monitoring therapy.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Preventing the complications of diabetes requires tight control and minimizing blood glucose fluctuation. Pursuing these goals increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia. The authors hoped to identify if using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) decreased the incidence of severe hypoglycemia, resulted in less...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0121

    authors: Halford J,Harris C

    更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Glucose variability indices in type 1 diabetes: parsimonious set of indices revealed by sparse principal component analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) time-series are often analyzed, retrospectively, to investigate glucose variability (GV), a risk factor for the development of complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the literature, several tens of different indices for GV quantification have been proposed, but many of...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0252

    authors: Fabris C,Facchinetti A,Sparacino G,Zanon M,Guerra S,Maran A,Cobelli C

    更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00

  • The association of self-monitoring of blood glucose use with medication adherence and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating non-insulin treatment.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The value of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) for persons with type 2 diabetes who do not use insulin remains controversial. This observational study compares the likelihood of medication adherence and change in glycated hemoglobin (A1C) for non-insulin-using patients using SMBG versus those not using...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2012.0047

    authors: Virdi N,Daskiran M,Nigam S,Kozma C,Raja P

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cutaneous blood perfusion as a perturbing factor for noninvasive glucose monitoring.

    abstract::It is widely accepted that noninvasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) has the potential to revolutionize diabetes therapy. However, current approaches to NIGM studied to date have not yet demonstrated a level of acceptable functionality to allow real-time use, beyond restricted fields of application. A number of reviews ha...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0095

    authors: Caduff A,Talary MS,Zakharov P

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Glycemic control and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes: influence of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and lispro insulin.

    abstract:AIMS:This study compared glycemic control and maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treated with multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) using regular (RI) or lispro (LP) insulin. METHODS:Three hundred fifteen consecutive singleton...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0111

    authors: Chico A,Saigi I,García-Patterson A,Santos MD,Adelantado JM,Ginovart G,de Leiva A,Corcoy R

    更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • Defining High Glycemic Variability in Type 1 Diabetes: Comparison of Multiple Indexes to Identify Patients at Risk of Hypoglycemia.

    abstract:: Background: International consensus on the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) recommends coefficient of variation (CV) as the metric of choice to express glycemic variability (GV) with a cutoff of 36% to define unstable diabetes. Even though, CV is associated with ...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0075

    authors: Gómez AM,Henao DC,Imitola Madero A,Taboada LB,Cruz V,Robledo Gómez MA,Rondón M,Muñoz-Velandia O,García-Jaramillo M,León Vargas FM

    更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00

  • Accuracy of FreeStyle Libre in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The Effect of Sensor Age.

    abstract:: Background: FreeStyle Libre is a factory-calibrated continuous 14-day glucose sensor. Little is known about the accuracy of FreeStyle Libre as a function of sensor age. Methods: We assessed the accuracy of FreeStyle Libre in 14...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0262

    authors: Tsoukas M,Rutkowski J,El-Fathi A,Yale JF,Bernier-Twardy S,Bossy A,Pytka E,Legault L,Haidar A

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Basal plus basal-bolus approach in type 2 diabetes.

    abstract::Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and progressive β-cell deterioration. As β-cell function declines, most patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral agents, in monotherapy or combination, will require insulin therapy. Addition of basal insulin (glargine, detemir, or NPH/neutral protamine lisp...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0001

    authors: Ampudia-Blasco FJ,Rossetti P,Ascaso JF

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • Use of an internet-based telemedicine system to manage underserved women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Internet technology has been proven to be a successful tool for the management of patients with multiple medical conditions. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring glucose control in indigent women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) over the Internet. METHODS:Women ...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1089/dia.2006.0034

    authors: Homko CJ,Santamore WP,Whiteman V,Bower M,Berger P,Geifman-Holtzman O,Bove AA

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • Association of DRD3, COMT, and SLC6A4 Gene Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes in Southern Chinese: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study.

    abstract:AIM:The aim of this study was to assess the associations of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three genes (DRD3, COMT, and SCL6A4) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Southern Chinese. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Five hundred ninety-five cases with T2DM and 725 healthy controls of Han origin were recruited fr...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0344

    authors: Xiu L,Lin M,Liu W,Kong D,Liu Z,Zhang Y,Ouyang P,Liang Y,Zhong S,Chen C,Jin X,Fan X,Qin J,Zhao X,Rao S,Ding Y

    更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00

  • Time is glucose, can't miss gestational diabetes.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, if not treated. International guidelines recommend screening "all or high-risk women" at the initial prenatal visit, when a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 92 and 126 mg/dL is diagnostic for GDM. However, glucose testing ...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0225

    authors: Festa R,Carta M,Ceriello A,Testa R

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Reduced weight gain with insulin detemir compared to NPH insulin is not explained by a reduction in hypoglycemia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Weight gain often occurs when insulin therapy is initiated. The long-acting insulin analog insulin detemir has been shown to be effective and well tolerated when used in basal-bolus regimens or as an add-on to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and causes less weight gain than other insulins. The aim of this exp...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0282

    authors: Davies MJ,Derezinski T,Pedersen CB,Clauson P

    更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00

  • Incidence and Predictors of Dysglycemia and Regression to Normoglycemia in Indian Adolescents and Young Adults: 10-Year Follow-Up of the ORANGE Study.

    abstract:: Background: The prevalence of diabetes in youth is increasing worldwide in parallel with the obesity epidemic. This study aimed to determine the incidence rates of dysglycemia (diabetes or prediabetes) and evaluate the predictors of its progression or regression to normal ...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0109

    authors: Mehreen TS,Kamalesh R,Pandiyan D,Kumar DS,Anjana RM,Mohan V,Ranjani H

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • Continuous glucose monitoring reveals delayed nocturnal hypoglycemia after intermittent high-intensity exercise in nontrained patients with type 1 diabetes.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DMT1) patients. The type of exercise is important in determining the propensity to hypoglycemia. We assessed, by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), the glucose profiles during and in the following 20h after a session of two different...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0038

    authors: Maran A,Pavan P,Bonsembiante B,Brugin E,Ermolao A,Avogaro A,Zaccaria M

    更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00

  • Capillary and venous blood glucose concentrations measured during intravenous insulin and glucose infusion: a comparison of steady and dynamic states.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients undergoing intensive insulin therapy may have blood glucose (BG) samples drawn from arterial, capillary, or venous sources. This study compared capillary and venous BG across a range of glucose concentrations and under conditions of rapid change in BG. METHODS:Following a 10-h fast, 40 adult patien...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0023

    authors: Kempe K,Price D,Ellison J,Marhoul J,Morrow L,Win K,Kuschma K,Hompesch M

    更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00

  • Daily glucose profiles in Japanese people with normal glucose tolerance as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Little information is available regarding glucose fluctuations in postprandial states and during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Japanese people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). METHODS:Glucose profiles of 27 Japanese people were measured for 4 days by using continuous glucose monitoring. A 75...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0083

    authors: Tsujino D,Nishimura R,Taki K,Miyashita Y,Morimoto A,Tajima N

    更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00

  • The Impact of Insulin Pump Therapy on Glycemic Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Data from the OpT2mise Study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The OpT2mise randomized trial was designed to compare the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI) on glucose profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of ≥8% (64 mmol/mol) and...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0159

    authors: Conget I,Castaneda J,Petrovski G,Guerci B,Racault AS,Reznik Y,Cohen O,Runzis S,de Portu S,Aronson R,OpT2mise Study Group.

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Non-invasive glucose measurement technologies: an update from 1999 to the dawn of the new millennium.

    abstract::There are three main issues in non-invasive (NI) glucose measurements: namely, specificity, compartmentalization of glucose values, and calibration. There has been progress in the use of near-infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopy. Recently new glucose measurement methods have been developed, exploiting the effect of ...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1089/dia.2004.6.660

    authors: Khalil OS

    更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00

  • Benchmark data from the literature for evaluation of new glucose sensing technologies.

    abstract::New glucose sensors based on various technologies are being developed to provide information for improved therapy in diabetes. There is a need to establish rational performance standards for these sensors. Frequently sampled, direct blood glucose recordings representative of blood glucose excursions in diabetes are th...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/15209150152607196

    authors: Bremer TM,Edelman SV,Gough DA

    更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00

  • Frequency of the dawn phenomenon in type 2 diabetes: implications for diabetes therapy.

    abstract::This study was designed to assess the frequency of the dawn phenomenon in patients with type 2 diabetes. A secondary aim was to examine the influence of varying treatment regimens on the frequency of the dawn phenomenon. The dawn phenomenon was defined as a rise in plasma glucose levels of > or = 0.5 mmol/L (10 mg/dL)...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/152091502320798213

    authors: Carroll MF,Hardy KJ,Burge MR,Schade DS

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of Second-Generation Basal Insulin Analogs: A Review of the Evidence from Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

    abstract::Many people with insulin-treated diabetes continue to experience inadequate glycemic control and a high incidence of hypoglycemic events, despite improvements in therapeutic strategies. While glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently recognized as the gold-standard for assessing glycemic control, the measure reflects m...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0180

    authors: Battelino T,Edelman SV,Nishimura R,Bergenstal RM

    更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00

  • Is the masked continuous glucose monitoring system clinically useful for predicting hemoglobin A1C in type 1 diabetes?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The masked continuous glucose monitoring system (Masked-CGMS) differs from standard CGMSs in three ways: (1) there is no feedback to the user so that no immediate regimen changes can be made; (2) it can only be worn for up to 5 days; and (3) there are no alarms to warn of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Since...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0297

    authors: Duran-Valdez E,Burge MR,Broderick P,Shey L,Valentine V,Schrader R,Schade DS

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Lasers and diabetic retinopathy: the art of gentle destruction.

    abstract::Laser retinal photocoagulation represents the primary therapy for the potentially blinding manifestations of diabetic retinopathy. Advances in laser therapy for diabetic eye disease have arisen from the convergence of laser technology and clinical ophthalmology. In this review, the basis of laser therapy in diabetic r...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1089/152091599317396

    authors: Petrovic V,Bhisitkul RB

    更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00

  • Skin autofluorescence and complications of diabetes: does ethnic background or skin color matter?

    abstract:AIMS:Skin autofluorescence (AF) has been associated with complications of diabetes. We evaluated the influence of skin color and ethnicity on the association between skin AF and the presence of diabetes-related complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In a multiethnic type 2 diabetes cohort we investigated all patients wi...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0374

    authors: Ahdi M,Gerdes VE,Graaff R,Kuipers S,Smit AJ,Meesters EW

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00

  • Glycemic Variability Is Associated with Frequency of Blood Glucose Testing and Bolus: Post Hoc Analysis Results from the ProAct Study.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The ProAct study has shown that a pump switch to the Accu-Chek(®) Combo system (Roche Diagnostics Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) in type 1 diabetes patients results in stable glycemic control with significant improvements in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with unsatisfactory baseline HbA1c a...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0278

    authors: Pfützner A,Weissmann J,Mougiakakou S,Daskalaki E,Weis N,Ziegler R

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • A Real-World Prospective Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of the Loop Open Source Automated Insulin Delivery System.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Loop Do-It-Yourself (DIY) automated insulin delivery system. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:A prospective real-world observational study was conducted, which included 558 adults and children (age range 1 to 71 years, mean HbA1c 6.8±1.0%) who initiated Loop either ...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0535

    authors: Lum J,Bailey R,Barnes-Lomen V,Naranjo D,Hood K,Lal RA,Arbiter B,Brown A,DeSalvo DJ,Pettus J,Calhoun P,Beck RW

    更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00

  • Development of a Collaborative Algorithm for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes during Ramadan: An Anchor on Empowerment.

    abstract::Empowerment plays significant roles in the complex management of type 2 diabetes. International guidelines have provided recommendations on management of Muslims who fast during Ramadan. However, there remains a lack of patient-centered epistemic tool to empower healthcare providers and patients in managing diabetes d...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0159

    authors: Lum ZK,See Toh WY,Lim SM,Rusli KDB,Abdul Shakoor SAKK,Tsou KYK,Chew DEK,Dalan R,Kwek SC,Othman N,Lian JX,Lee JY

    更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • Safety Evaluation of the MiniMed 670G System in Children 7-13 Years of Age with Type 1 Diabetes.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety of in-home use of the MiniMed™ 670G system with SmartGuard™ technology in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS:Participants (N = 105, ages 7-13 years, mean age 10.8 ± 1.8 years) were enrolled at nine centers (eight in the United States and one in Israel) and completed a 2-week ...

    journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0264

    authors: Forlenza GP,Pinhas-Hamiel O,Liljenquist DR,Shulman DI,Bailey TS,Bode BW,Wood MA,Buckingham BA,Kaiserman KB,Shin J,Huang S,Lee SW,Kaufman FR

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00