Abstract：
:The purpose of this study was to establish validity and reliability evidence for the medicine ball throw test for kindergarten students, an underrepresented group in the literature. The subjects were 105 students, 5-7 years old, BMI 17.44 +/- 3.17 kg x m(-2), 43% female and 57% male. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to examine reliability, and Pearson correlation coefficients and a paired t-test were used to examine validity. To accomplish this, the kindergarten students completed the medicine ball throw test on two different days and the modified pull-up test, the "criterion" measure, on another day. For the medicine ball throw, each student sat on the floor before throwing the medicine ball forward like a chest pass three times. The medicine ball throw was highly reliable both within 1 day (ICCs = 0.93 and 0.94 for day 1 and day 2, respectively) and across 2 days (ICC = 0.88), with all reliability estimates over the acceptable level of 0.80. The medicine ball throw scores were positively related with height (r = 0.34) and weight (r = 0.34), and there was a significant difference between the 5-year-old group (mean +/- SD; 111.78 +/- 34.93) and the 6-year-old group (135.60 +/- 39.77), t = -3.23, p = 0.002, which supports correlational and known-difference evidence of validity for the medicine ball throw test. Even though no correlation was found between the medicine ball throw test and the modified pull-up test, r = -0.04, other forms of validity evidence (i.e., known-difference and correlational) were apparent. In conclusion, the medicine ball throw test seems to be a valid and reliable measure of upper-body strength for kindergarten children.
journal_name
J Strength Cond Resjournal_title
Journal of strength and conditioning researchauthors
Davis KL,Kang M,Boswell BB,DuBose KD,Altman SR,Binkley HMdoi
10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181821b20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-11-01 00:00:00pages
1958-63issue
6eissn
1064-8011issn
1533-4287journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究abstract：:We investigated the aerobic and anaerobic benefits of high-intensity interval training performed at a work-to-rest ratio of 1:2 because little performance enhancement data exist based on this ratio. Recreationally active male volunteers (21 years, 184 cm, 81.5 kg) were randomly assigned to a training (interval trainin...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d09ec9
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to (a) assess the reliability of the functional movement screening (FMS) protocol and (b) to establish changes in both FMS and tests of physical performance throughout a season. The reliability of the FMS components (12 in total) was assessed through a nonparametric statistical approach, based on 2 tr...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise professionals seeking to develop evidence-based training programs rely on several training principles demonstrated through research and professional experience. In an effort to further research examining these principles, an investigation was designed and completed to evaluate the compatibility of cardiovascu...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815fa038
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Weightlifting training and competition involves lifting a revolving shaft bar loaded with weights. The design of a bar and the location of the weights result in bar deformation during lifting tasks. Because there are many manufacturers of weightlifting bars, the actual deformation of a bar may vary, depending on the s...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ecd359
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional high-intensity aerobic training has been shown to improve muscle protein synthesis and aerobic capacity; however, recent research indicates that low-intensity aerobic training with blood flow restriction (BFR) may have similar effects. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of vigorous-intens...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000001218
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Piucco, T, O'Connell, J, Stefanyshyn, D, and de Lucas, RD. Incremental testing design on slide board for speed skaters: comparison between two different protocols. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3116-3121, 2016-The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stage duration (Long-stage-LS: 3-minute, Short-stage-SS:...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kochanowicz, A, Niespodziński, B, Mieszkowski, J, Marina, M, Kochanowicz, K, and Zasada, M. Changes in the muscle activity of gymnasts during a handstand on various apparatus. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1609-1618, 2019-Gymnasts perform handstands on various apparatus, both in stable and unstable conditions. Such perfo...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000002124
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Some recommendations suggest keeping the shank as vertical as possible during the barbell squat, thus keeping the knees from moving past the toes. This study examined joint kinetics occurring when forward displacement of the knees is restricted vs. when such movement is not restricted. Seven weight-trained m...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0629:eokpoh>2.0.co;2
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which scientific research influences college strength and conditioning coaching practices and to determine the training methods utilized. A total of 321 surveys were mailed to Division I strength and conditioning coaches, and the response rate was 42.7% (137 of ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0368:asotsd>2.0.co;2
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This cross-sectional study investigated the effects of participation in various sports on side-to-side (contralateral) differences in bone mineral density (BMD) of the upper and lower limbs. The BMD of the arms and legs was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The subjects were 184 collegiate athletes, bot...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To verify the metabolic responses of oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentrations [La], and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) when swimming at an intensity corresponding to the critical velocity (CV) assessed by a 4-parameter model (CV4par), and to check the reliability w...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zelinski, S, Manvell, JJ, Manvell, N, Callister, R, and Snodgrass, SJ. Effect of match play on shoulder strength in amateur rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of match play on shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) str...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-12-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e318161912f
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine if associated characteristics of muscle dysmorphia (MD) were different between elite-level competitive bodybuilders and power lifters. Elite-level competitive bodybuilders (n = 100) and power lifters (n = 68) completed the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI) at the time of or i...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zandona, BA, Ramos, RA, de Oliveira, CdS, McAnulty, SR, Ferreira, LHB, Smolarek, AC, Enes, AAN, Urbinati, KMdSS, Aragon, AA, Schoenfeld, BJ, and de Souza Junior, TP. Reduced Dose of Beta-Alanine Is Sufficient to Maintain Performance in Repeated Sprints. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Beta-alanine (BA) supple...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2020-08-21 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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abstract：:Bartolomei, S, Totti, V, Griggio, F, Malerba, C, Ciacci, S, Semprini, G, and Di Michele, R. Upper-body resistance exercise reduces time to recover after a high-volume bench press protocol in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The aim of this study was to compare the effects of active and ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-03-04 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e31817392ec
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuromuscular activation during and chronic adaptation from exercise are innately linked and both can vary along a muscle's length. During high-force and high-speed exercise, intramuscular hypertrophy follows set patterns that provide the greatest biomechanical advantages. However, it is unknown if muscle activity as ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical fitness training of military recruits is an enduring focus of armies. This is important for safe and effective performance of general tasks that anyone may have to perform in a military setting as well as preparation for more specialized training in specific job specialties. Decades of studies on occupational...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000001025
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The factor structure and internal consistency of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) have not been examined in a general healthcare population. Replicating the factor structure of the FMS is important because it illustrates the interdependence between each of the subtests, enabling the strength and conditioning profe...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000000395
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
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更新日期：2019-12-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Fourteen healthy men participated in a study designed to examine the effects of weight-belt use on trunk- and leg-muscle myoelectric activity (EMG) and joint kinematics during the squat exercise. Each subject performed the parallel back squat exercise at a self-selected speed according to his own technique with 90% of...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
