Abstract：
:The minimal sufficient cause (MSC) model, also known as the sufficient component cause model, has been used to facilitate understanding of several key concepts in epidemiology. To improve the understanding of mediation, we introduce a causal model for mediation that is grounded in the MSC approach. First, we describe an unbiased model for mediation, to clarify the causal meaning of previously described indirect effects. Through the use of potential outcomes and response types, we express each indirect (and direct) effect in terms of component causes within the MSC model. Second, we use an MSC-based model to illustrate a common cause of the mediator and outcome, i.e. a confounder of the mediator-outcome relationship. By describing this potential source of bias within the MSC-based model, important complexities are noted that impact the magnitude of plausible confounding. In conclusion, an MSC-based approach leads to several important insights concerning the interpretation of indirect and direct effects, as well as the potential sources of bias in mediation analysis.
journal_name
Eur J Epidemioljournal_title
European journal of epidemiologyauthors
Hafeman DMdoi
10.1007/s10654-008-9286-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
711-21issue
11eissn
0393-2990issn
1573-7284journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Inadequate childhood nutrition is associated with poor short-term academic and cognitive outcomes. Dietary supplementation with meat is associated with better cognitive outcome in children. Whether childhood nutrition has life long effects on cognitive function is unclear. We examined the association of childhood meat...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-010-9466-0
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to compare attitudes and management concerning hyperlipidaemia and risk factors for coronary heart disease among doctors in northern and in southern Europe, a questionnaire study was undertaken among doctors in primary health care and departments of internal medicine in Sicily and Stockholm. The regions diffe...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007438108958
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An unmatched, hospital-based case-control study was performed, to determine, whether respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) etiology in hospitalized young children can be predicted clinically. Children under 2 years of age admitted with a lower respiratory tract infection in three hospitals in northern Germany were include...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1024213400297
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-018-0449-x
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of processes are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These include an "injury" to the endothelial cell barrier of the inner lining of the artery, infiltration of the artery by lipid filled monocyte-macrophages, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, synthesis of connective tissue and thrombus form...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00145365
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Relatively few data are available to predict a complicated course of community-acquired complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with diabetes type 2 (DM2). The aim of this study was to assess predictors for a complicated course of UTIs in DM2 patients in primary care. METHOD:We conducted a c...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s10654-006-9077-y
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case-control study of 107 colon cancer cases and 486 controls from an oncological clinic in Istanbul was conducted to examine the association between occupational physical activity and colon cancer in Turkey, where incidence of this disease is low. Only two of the four activity measures showed evidence of an increas...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00145330
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Findings from molecular studies suggesting that several infectious agents cause sarcoidosis are intriguing yet conflicting and likely biased due to their cross-sectional design. As done in other inflammatory diseases to overcome this issue, prospectively-collected register data could be used, but reverse causation is ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-020-00611-w
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunoglobulin G (IgG) response directed against Mycobacterium bovis BCG antigens 60 (A60) and 85A (P32), and purified protein derivative (PPD), was investigated in order to compare the serodiagnostic potentials of these antigens in tuberculosis (TB). The sera of 59 patients with active minimal or moderately advan...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00209533
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To characterize possible Trichophyton rubrum phenotypes, which circulate in two Brazilian localities, we tested 53 isolates of this dermatophyte for their ability to assimilate several carbon sources, for keratinase, proteinase, phospholipase, lipase and desoxiribonuclease (DNase) secretions, and for their susceptibil...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015675728486
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations have emerged as a novel risk factor for heart failure and stroke but not for myocardial infarction (MI). Yet, most studies on MI were conducted in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and the elderly. Evidence is unclear in subjects without CAD and for str...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-014-9982-4
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Self-rated health (SRH) is widely used to compare population health across countries, but comparability is often hampered by the use of different versions of this item. This study compares the WHO recommended version (ranging from 'very good' to 'very bad') with the US version (ranging from 'excellent' to 'po...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-008-9287-6
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most studies published to date consider single noise sources and the reported noise metrics are not informative about the peaking characteristics of the source under investigation. Our study focuses on the association between cardiovascular mortality in Switzerland and the three major transportation noise sources-road...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-017-0234-2
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone Paget's disease is heterogeneously distributed and several foci of high prevalence have been reported in Spain. The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of the disease in a zone situated in the northwestern sector of the Province of Salamanca (Spain) using a cross sectional epi-demiological stu...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007449206061
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate the role of nutritional factors in the etiology of endometrial cancer, we performed a case-cohort analysis using data from women enrolled in the National Breast Screening Study in Canada from 1980 to 1985. For this analysis, a subcohort was constructed by selecting a 10% random sample from the 56,837 women...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1011012621990
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate the association between flavonol and flavone intake and the risk of intermittent claudication in male smokers. The study population consisted of participants of the Finnish alpha-Tocopherol, beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, who were free of intermittent claud...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:ejep.0000024699.81170.07
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Susceptibility of 206 H. influenzae isolates was evaluated by disk diffusion method for 11 antimicrobial agents. No isolates were found to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. Four untypable isolates (1.9%) were beta-lactamase producing ampicillin-...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01719284
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested whether teetotalism explains the upturn in cardiovascular risk for non-drinkers and whether wine is a more favorable alcohol type. We studied 115,592 men and women aged 40-44 years who participated in the age 40 program in Norway in 1994-1999 and were followed for an average of 16 years with 550 cardiovascul...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-017-0313-4
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BSE is a zoonotic disease that caused the emergence of variant Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease in the mid 1990s. The trend of the BSE epidemic in seven European countries was assessed and compared, using Age-Period-Cohort and Reproduction Ratio modelling applied to surveillance data 2001-2007. A strong decline in BSE risk wa...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-010-9455-3
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether deer may play a role in the cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, we sought evidence for the presence of the pathogen in skin of deer and roe deer. Biopsies of 2 mm3 were taken at four different levels from nail to tarsus. A total of 50 animals (200 biopsies) were shot in the ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007646216035
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present the results of the investigation of an epidemic outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection which affected 95 schoolchildren from certain village in Catalonia. The investigation took an epidemiological, clinical and microbiological approach, detecting by capture enzyme-immunoassay technique the presence of ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00145497
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Associations of cognitive function assessed in adulthood with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke might reflect a causal effect or could be explained by residual confounding or a common underlying pathology (atherosclerosis) that links both declines in cognitive function and increased risk of cardiovascu...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-008-9281-z
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal obesity during pregnancy is an important public health problem in Western countries. Currently, obesity prevalence rates in pregnant women are estimated to be as high as 30%. In addition, approximately 40% of women gain an excessive amount of weight during pregnancy in Western countries. An accumulating body ...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10654-015-0085-7
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence suggests potential associations between birthweight and disease in later life. For resource or other reasons recorded birthweight may be unavailable to researchers who have access to uniquely relevant outcome data. The present study examined the validity of parental recall of birthweight. Parents of 10...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1007625030509
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The most common diseases affecting middle-aged and elderly subjects in industrialized countries are multigenetic and lifestyle related. Several attempts have been made to study interactions between genes and lifestyle factors, but most such studies lack the power to examine interactions between several genes and sever...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-013-9787-x
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A seroepidemiological study was performed on HTLV-III, T. pallidum, C. trachomatis and Hepatitis B virus (HBV), in Butare, Rwanda, among 33 female prostitutes, 25 male customers of prostitutes, and 60 male and female controls. As compared with female controls the prostitutes had a higher prevalence of antibodies to HT...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00145066
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The relationships between body size and fatness and blood pressure are generally acknowledged. The majority of the few studies that have examined the effect of fat distribution and maturation rate on blood pressure have used secondary sex characteristics as the measure of maturity. The aim of the present stu...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1021220814413
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental and atmospheric factors have been associated with meningitis epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa but not in the northern hemisphere. An epidemic of meningitis caused by different agents occurred in a health district in northern Italy during the first quarter of 2003: there were 50 cases compared to the expec...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-006-9013-1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective was to examine the association between age at menarche and all-cause mortality. A population-based prospective study involving 55,128 Japanese women aged 40-79 years in 1988-1990 and followed up to December 2006 was used. A total of 6,967 deaths occurred during the follow-up. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% c...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-011-9623-0
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pregnancy and use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are major risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in young women and we wanted to obtain accurate VTE mortality data overall, by age, associated with the use of COCs and pregnancy. METHODS:From the Swedish Cause of Death Register (CDR) we identi...
journal_title：European journal of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10654-005-4266-7
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
