Abstract:
:Ants are the world's most conspicuous and important eusocial insects and their diversity, abundance, and extreme behavioral specializations make them a model system for several disciplines within the biological sciences. Here, we report the discovery of a new ant that appears to represent the sister lineage to all extant ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The phylogenetic position of this cryptic predator from the soils of the Amazon rainforest was inferred from several nuclear genes, sequenced from a single leg. Martialis heureka (gen. et sp. nov.) also constitutes the sole representative of a new, morphologically distinct subfamily of ants, the Martialinae (subfam. nov.). Our analyses have reduced the likelihood of long-branch attraction artifacts that have troubled previous phylogenetic studies of early-diverging ants and therefore solidify the emerging view that the most basal extant ant lineages are cryptic, hypogaeic foragers. On the basis of morphological and phylogenetic evidence we suggest that these specialized subterranean predators are the sole surviving representatives of a highly divergent lineage that arose near the dawn of ant diversification and have persisted in ecologically stable environments like tropical soils over great spans of time.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Rabeling C,Brown JM,Verhaagh Mdoi
10.1073/pnas.0806187105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-30 00:00:00pages
14913-7issue
39eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0806187105journal_volume
105pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Adoptive cellular immunotherapy, infusions of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in conjunction with in vitro-activated killer cells, has brought new hope to patients with cancer. The broad application of this strategy, however, is constrained by the need for repeated leukapheresis and by the labor-intensive process of in vitro act...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::Effective therapies for most solid cancers, especially those that have progressed to metastasis, remain elusive because of inherent and acquired resistance of tumor cells to conventional treatments. Additionally, the effective therapeutic window for many protocols can be very narrow, frequently resulting in toxicity. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.0700042104
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abstract::Cyber conflict is now a common and potentially dangerous occurrence. The target typically faces a strategic choice based on its ability to attribute the attack to a specific perpetrator and whether it has a viable punishment at its disposal. We present a game-theoretic model, in which the best strategic choice for the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A plasmid containing the rat preproinsulin I gene was entrapped in large liposomes and intravenously administered to rats. Four hours after inoculation, the livers were processed for the isolation of hepatocytes. Kupffer cells, and endothelial cells, DNA was purified, and the exogenous DNA was detected in the differen...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutant, but not wild-type p53 binds with high affinity to a variety of MAR-DNA elements (MARs), suggesting that MAR-binding of mutant p53 relates to the dominant-oncogenic activities proposed for mutant p53. MARs recognized by mutant p53 share AT richness and contain variations of an AATATATTT "DNA-unwinding motif," w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-11-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2009-04-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2003-12-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-01-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2016-05-31 00:00:00
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更新日期:2004-07-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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abstract::Excitation of HbCO by a single 6-psec 530-nm pulse results in photodissociation with a first-order constant of 0.89 X 10(11) sec-1. The kinetics of photodissociation, monitored by following absorbance changes in the Soret band at 440 nm, are interpreted as corresponding to predissociation followed by a corssing into a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.2002543117
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::The rat W3/25 antigen was the first marker antigen of helper T lymphocytes to be identified. Subsequently, the human OKT4 antigen (now called CD4) was described, and cell distribution and functional data suggested that W3/25 and OKT4 antigens were homologous. This is now confirmed by the matching of peptide sequences ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigate energy transport through an alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-based 3(10)-helix dissolved in chloroform in a combined experimental-theoretical approach. Vibrational energy is locally deposited at the N terminus of the helix by ultrafast internal conversion of a covalently attached, electronically excited, azob...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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更新日期:2007-07-31 00:00:00