Abstract：
AIM OF THE STUDY:Despite the extensive traditional use of Croton gratissimus Burch. var. gratissimus for medicinal purposes, scientific studies validating the therapeutic properties of this indigenous plant are lacking. As the bark, roots and leaves of C. gratissimus are used separately as well as in combination, this study focused on determining antimicrobial efficacies of the plant parts independently and in combination to assess possible pharmacological interactions (e.g. synergy, antagonism). MATERIAL AND METHODS:The hydro-distilled leaf essential oil and extracts of bark, root and leaf were comparatively assessed for antimicrobial activity by means of microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) were determined for the leaf and root (1:1), bark and root (1:1), leaf and bark (1:1) combination. Isobolograms were plotted to demonstrate interactions between various ratios of the roots and leaves. RESULTS:The MIC and FIC results indicated variable efficacies for the various plant part combinations, the greatest of which was noted for Cryptococcus neoformans in the root and leaf combination (MIC 0.4 mg/ml and FIC of 0.4). Isobolograms indicated the greatest synergy for Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. CONCLUSION:The observed synergistic interactions clearly indicate that the reductionist approach may often be short-sighted and that biological activity may be improved through combination therapy, where different complex metabolic pools collectively contribute to the enhanced effect.
journal_name
J Ethnopharmacoljournal_title
Journal of ethnopharmacologyauthors
van Vuuren SF,Viljoen AMdoi
10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.031subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-28 00:00:00pages
700-4issue
3eissn
0378-8741issn
1872-7573pii
S0378-8741(08)00350-4journal_volume
119pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The hepatoprotective activity of the rhisome of Cochlospermum tinctorium was investigated using carbon tetrachloride toxicity on mouse and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in vitro induction of lipid peroxidation and hepatocyte lysis. Aqueous, hydro-ethanolic and ethanolic extracts showed significant dose-dependent hepatoprot...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-8741(92)90013-h
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effect of Solanum lyratum Thunb. (Solanaceae) (SL) on the production of nitric oxide (NO). Stimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with SL after the treatment of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) resulted in increased NO synthesis. SL had no effect on NO synthesis by itself. When SL was use...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00011-2
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From September 1990 to December 1994, the authors conducted an ethnobotanical survey within the population of Martinique. Two hundred and sixty-one plants used for medicinal purposes were gathered. It was possible to identify 251 species (96%). Traditional medicinal practices, although threatened by the modern pharmac...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-8741(96)01425-0
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article examines data presented in Katz' book, Boiling Energy: Community Healing among the Kalahari Kung, particularly with regard to plant drugs present in the community during the 1968 visit. The author argues that the similarity of the Bushman trance state, kia and that of drug-induced altered states of consci...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-8741(86)90168-6
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several high performance liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of gossypol in different kinds of sample were developed. (1) Pure gossypol: separation on C18 column with MeOH/H2O/CHCl3 (70:30:40) containing 0.1% H3PO4 as mobile phase or on SO3H column with MeOH/citrate buffer (pH 6.3) (55:45) as mobile phase ...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-8741(87)90112-7
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Gongjin-Dan is a representative traditional Oriental medicine herbal drug that has been used to treat chronic fatigue symptoms for several hundred years. We evaluated the anti-fatigue effects of Gongjin-Dan and the underlying mechanisms in a chronic forced exercise mouse model. METHODS A...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.001
更新日期：2015-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:The rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus have been used as traditional folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanism by which extract of rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus (ECR) elicits anti-inflammation has not been extensively investigated so far. The aim of the pre...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.062
更新日期：2011-10-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute toxicity of the aqueous infusion and ethanolic maceration extracts of the aerial parts of Zataria multiflora Boiss were studied in mice and rats. Antinociceptive activity was done using hot-plate and writhing tests. The effect of the extracts against acute inflammation was ...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00238-5
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Herb of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L. from Lythraceae family) (LSH) was used in Europe since ancient times till early-20th century in the therapy of diarrhea and dysentery in human and veterinary medicine. Post-weaning diarrhea is a main problem affecting global piglet producti...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2020.113073
更新日期：2020-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), a main component of arsenolite which is a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) wildly used as a therapeutic agent for more than 2400 years in china, has been accepted as a standard treatment for the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) based on t...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.010
更新日期：2017-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Oryeongsan (ORS, Wulingsan) has been reported to possess renal protective effects from renal diseases such as diabetes-induced renal damage, and nephrocalcinosis. AIM OF THE STUDY:This study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative analysis and the inhibitory effect of ORS on hypertoni...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.030
更新日期：2016-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Devil's Club, Oplopanax horridus (OH), is a widely used folk medicine in Alaska and British Columbia for treating a variety of ailments including arthritis, fever and diabetes. HPLC profiling shows that numerous compounds are present in the 70% ethanolic extract of OH dry root bark powder. OH extract inhibited K562, H...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.018
更新日期：2006-11-24 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Rokumi-jio-gan-containing prescriptions, traditional medicine, are widely used to treat renal dysfunction in Japan. AIM OF THE STUDY:The present study was conducted to examine whether two Rokumi-jio-gan-containing prescriptions (Hachimi-jio-gan and Bakumi-jio-gan) have an ameliorative ef...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.036
更新日期：2013-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on ethnopharmacological literature, 17 species of medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine in Papua New Guinea were collected. Extracts of different polarities were tested in a preliminary biological screening for their antimicrobial (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Penicilli...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-8741(95)01315-6
更新日期：1995-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：AIM OF THE STUDY:Cajanus cajan Linn. (Leguminosae) is a nontoxic edible herb, widely used in Indian folk medicine for the prevention of various liver disorders. In the present study we have demonstrated that methanol-aqueous fraction (MAF2) of Cajanus cajan leaf extract could prevent the chronically treated alcohol ind...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.010
更新日期：2008-08-13 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia (SR), called "Niu-Wei-Cai" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are believed to be effective in treating hyperuricemia and gout symptoms. This study was designed to isolate a saponin glycoside named pallidifloside D from the total saponins of Smi...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.034
更新日期：2014-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：:In the biological sciences the use of medicinal plants in indigenous cultures is commonly seen as being based on a long tradition ('traditional medicine'). However, under normal circumstances, ethnobotanical studies cannot provide evidence on the antiquity of specific uses for medicinal plants since oral traditions ha...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00188-0
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preliminary phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Synclisia scabrida indicated the presence of two alkaloids in the water extracts and five alkaloids in the ethanol extracts. The alkaloidal fraction obtained from the cold ethanol extract furnished on column-chromatography, a homogeneous amorphous solid which ha...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-8741(86)90029-2
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has traditionally been used to treat pain, fever, allergic and inflammatory diseases such as bronchitis, arthritis, and dermatitis. In particular, turmeric and its active component, curcumin, were effective in ameliorating immune disorders including allergies. How...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.038
更新日期：2015-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Sanmiao wan (SMW) is widely used for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia in traditional Chinese medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY:The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypouricemic effects of SMW and its possible mechanism in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice. MATE...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.035
更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Melissa officinalis L. (Labiatae), Morus alba L. (Moraceae), and Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (Compositae) are suggested to be involved in the regulation of hyperlipidemia. We hypothesized that Ob-X, a mixture of three herbs, Morus alba, Melissa officinalis and Artemisia capillaris [corrected] improves lipid metabolism...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.029
更新日期：2008-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Liu-Shen-Wan (LSW), a famous traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of upper respiratory tract inflammation, was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Acetic acid-elevated vascular permeability, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na)-induced leukocyte migration and ear edema induced by picr...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2007.02.008
更新日期：2007-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:In the legendary biographies of some Buddhist adepts from the 2nd- and 9th-centuries there are some clues which can be interpreted to reveal that the adepts were consuming psychedelic Amanita muscaria, 'fly agaric', mushrooms to achieve enlightenment. This secret ingredient in the alchemical elixir they used to attain...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-8741(95)01292-l
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Indigo naturalis, a herbal medicine with a history of use dating back to ancient times, may be a good alternative topical treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD). AIM OF THE STUDY:To provide empirical evidence of the efficacy and safety of Indigo naturalis ointment in treating AD. MATERIAL...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2019.112477
更新日期：2020-03-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Liquorice root has been used in Europe since prehistoric times, and is well documented in written form starting with the ancient Greeks. In this review we compare the independent development of medical uses of this botanical drug in several ancient cultures, attempting to show the rationality of specific indications a...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.015
更新日期：2005-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Antrodia camphorata (AC) is well known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus. However, the anticancer activity of AC against human HER-2/neu-overexpressing ovarian cancers is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The aim of this study is to investigate whether a submerge...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.023
更新日期：2013-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Field enquiries on the plants used to treat diseases in villages of Seberida Municipality indicated that a large number of plant species (at least 100) are being used in therapy. Many of the uses, however, are magical in nature. Those in which a cause-effect relationship may be established (56) are presented in this p...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-8741(91)90007-z
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Eryngium carlinae F. Delaroche (Apiaceae) is an herb used in folk medicine as a diuretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agent. AIM OF THE STUDY:This work assessed the diuretic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory actions of an ethanol extract from the leaves and stems of Eryngium c...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2020.113406
更新日期：2021-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The aqueous extract obtained from Stichaster striatus Müller & Troschel (Asteroidea, Stichasteridae) has been shown to possess activity as an alcohol appetite inhibitor after oral administration in a rat model with a genetically established excessive appetite for alcohol (Wistar rats, lineage UChB). A significant decr...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.078
更新日期：2006-04-21 00:00:00
abstract：ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Pfaffia glomerata roots are widely used in Brazil to treat various pathological conditions, particularly psychological disorders. 20-hydroxyecdysone, a phytosteroid present in the plant, can promote greater body resistance against exogenous and endogenous stressors. The objective of this ...
journal_title：Journal of ethnopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jep.2020.113599
更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00
