Abstract：
:Deluded people differ from nondeluded controls on attributional style questionnaires and probabilistic-reasoning and theory-of-mind (ToM) tasks. No study to date has examined the relations between these 3 reasoning anomalies in the same individuals so as to evaluate their functional independence and potentially inform theories of delusion formation. We did so in 35 schizophrenic patients with a history of delusions, 30 of whom were currently deluded, and 34 healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, patients showed (a) a jumping-to-conclusions bias and a bias to overadjust when confronted with a change of evidence on probabilistic-reasoning tasks, (b) an excessive externalizing attributional bias, and (c) performance deficits on 3 ToM tasks. Probabilistic-reasoning and ToM measures correlated, while attributional-bias scores were independent of other task measures. A general proneness to delusional ideation correlated with probabilistic-reasoning and ToM measures, while externalizing bias was unrelated to the study measures of delusional ideation. Personalizing bias associated specifically with paranoia across the clinical and nonclinical participants. Findings are consistent with a common underlying mechanism in schizophrenia which contributes to the anomalies on probabilistic-reasoning and ToM tasks associated with delusions. We speculate that this mechanism is impairment of the normal capacity to inhibit "perceived reality" (the evidence of our senses), a capacity that evolved as part of the "social brain" to facilitate intersubjective communication within a shared reality.
journal_name
Schizophr Bulljournal_title
Schizophrenia bulletinauthors
Langdon R,Ward PB,Coltheart Mdoi
10.1093/schbul/sbn069subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-03-01 00:00:00pages
321-30issue
2eissn
0586-7614issn
1745-1701pii
sbn069journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:When fixed doses of haloperidol or perphenazine were used in two separate studies, we found that psychotic males with a prior history of psychotogenic drug use had a poorer early neuroleptic response even in the early stages of their psychotic disorder than psychotic males who had not previously used significant amoun...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/16.1.81
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an increasing emphasis on identifying individuals with schizophrenia earlier and earlier in their disease process, with the assumption that earlier identification translates into earlier treatment, which translates into improved outcome. Unfortunately, one age cohort, children under 13 years of age, have been...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007042
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A frontostriatal hypothesis of schizophrenia is advanced which takes into account evidence from studies of neurochemical pathology, functional imaging, cognitive neuropsychology, and experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, in addition to factor analyses of the symptomatic heterogeneity of this disorder. This evi...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/schbul/16.3.391
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:ABT-288 is a highly potent histamine-3 receptor antagonist that has demonstrated pro-cognitive effects in preclinical models relevant to schizophrenia. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two doses of ABT-288 in the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. METHODS:A ran...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbt240
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacologic agents currently used or being studied for the treatment of schizophrenia are reviewed. Neuroleptic medications are still the mainstay of treatment, but recent studies suggest new approaches to dosage and to the treatment of acute psychosis. Lithium is beneficial in psychotic illnesses with acute onset a...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/9.4.504
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persons with schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy largely due to death from natural causes. Factors that have been previously associated with excess mortality include cigarette smoking and antipsychotic medication. The role of other environmental factors such as exposure to infectious agents has been the subje...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbt113
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Remitting illness such as affective or schizoaffective disorder is appropriately described by a vulnerability model. Clinical evidence is reviewed here to clarify the relationship between the affective-disorder-like and schizophrenia-like symptoms in a schizoaffective episode. A model is proposed which treats vulnerab...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/10.1.71
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Similar to patients with other chronic disorders, patients with serious mental illness (SMI) are often poorly adherent with prescribed medications. OBJECTIVE:We conducted a randomized controlled trial examining the effectiveness of a pharmacy-based intervention (Meds-Help) in increasing antipsychotic medica...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbp121
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted a survey of 151 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2000, and a mail survey in a representative sample of the general population of Geneva in 1996 (n = 742), to compare alcohol consumption and alcoholism in these two samples. Fewer patients with schizophre...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007144
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nature and definition of schizotypy, as the latent liability for schizophrenia capable of generating various phenotypic and endophenotypic outcomes, is reviewed. The proceedings of the 2017 meeting of the International Consortium on Schizotypy Research are included in this Special Section and they are presented as...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type：
doi：10.1093/schbul/sby083
更新日期：2018-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This article focuses on the cross-modal reaction time paradigm, which has been used to study deviation patterns of shifting attention across stimulus modalities in schizophrenic patients. Cross-modal reaction time research involving pathological and nonpathological populations is reviewed. The influence of sex, stimul...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/6.4.654
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Delusions, the fixed false beliefs characteristic of psychotic illness, have long defied understanding despite their response to pharmacological treatments (e.g., D2 receptor antagonists). However, it can be challenging to discern what makes beliefs delusional compared with other unusual or erroneous beliefs. We sugge...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbw194
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This research studied hypotheses that positive thought disorder in schizophrenia is influenced by patients' not taking in immediate target contextual material, thereby losing vital cues that guide thought processes. We assessed 164 acute inpatients (including 55 schizophrenia and 31 bipolar disorder patients), using s...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033502
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a previous article in the Schizophrenia Bulletin (Vol. 22, No. 1, 1996), we presented findings of a study on the clinical and rehabilitative effects of work activity on 150 subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a Pay ($3.40/hr) or No-Pay group a...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/schbul/23.2.317
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:Motor abnormalities (MAs) of severe mental disorders have been traditionally neglected both in clinical practice and research, although they are an increasing focus of attention because of their clinical and neurobiological relevance. For historical reasons, most of the literature on MAs has been focused to ...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbx089
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data provided by case managers in community support programs are used to analyze the problems of families providing shelter to mentally ill relatives. Factors affecting complaints in 345 family households are contrasted with factors leading to complaints in a subsample of 622 other residential alternatives. Behavioral...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/13.4.727
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Similarities in clinical course, age of onset, geographical distribution, and immunological responses of patients with schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest that these two common illnesses of young adults may belong to a similar class of disorders. This review examines some of the similarities and differen...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/schbul/14.2.231
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The poverty and lack of social role in the lives of many people with schizophrenia seem similar to those of people in long-term unemployment, raising the possibility that there may be some commonalities in their time use and community functioning. To test this possibility, the social anxiety, time use, and activity pa...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/22.4.659
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social networks of 35 mentally ill persons were studied in Lao villages. Mental illness was associated with a decrease in size of social networks, disproportionate reliance on family, and asymmetric instrumental exchange. Nonkin "sponsors" provided assistance to those alienated from or abandoned by relatives. For thos...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/7.1.125
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive models of interpersonal problem solving have been proposed for, but infrequently tested on, samples of schizophrenia subjects. This study undertook to examine the relationships between the receiving, processing, and sending skills that comprise one model of interpersonal problem solving with information proc...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/21.3.395
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With on exception, previous studies examining the familial relationship between schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and schizophrenia have compared rates of SPD in relatives of probands with schizophrenia versus control probands. In the Roscommon Family Study, an epidemiologically based family study of major psychi...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/21.1.47
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The multilevel control of eye movements for the researcher in the schizophrenic disease process includes the saccadic trajectory, the dual mode tracking system, and schematically directed eye movements in fixation, in scanpaths, and other looking strategies, and in reading. Coordination of eye movements with head move...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/9.1.55
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In follow-up from evidence obtained in linkage studies, systematic linkage disequilibrium mapping within chromosomal region 13q33 has led to the identification of a schizophrenia susceptibility locus which harbors the genes G72 and G30. These association findings have been replicated in several independent schizophren...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbl028
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent clinical and neurobehavioral evidence suggests cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ). We used the prism adaptation motor task (PAT) to probe specific cerebellar circuits in the disorder. PAT requires cerebellum-dependent motor adaptation, perceptual remapping, and strategic control. A failure to engage i...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbaa019
更新日期：2020-03-17 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Abnormalities in the neurophysiological measures P300 amplitude and latency constitute endophenotypes for psychosis. Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has been proposed as a promising susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, and a previous study has suggested that it is associated with P300 deficits in sc...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbr101
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A selective review of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is an appropriate article to result from the festschrift honoring William T. Carpenter Jr, as he has made substantial contributions in this area. This review assesses progress in 3 areas in which he has been an important investigator: the distinction between...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type：
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbt158
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thalamus abnormalities are common in neurological and psychiatric illnesses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the properties of the thalamus-related networks. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a thin GABAergic layer interface strategically located between the thalamus and the neocortex. It is, at the ver...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbq165
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Family interventions for first-episode psychosis (FEP) are an integral component of treatment, with positive effects mainly on patients' mental state and relapse rate. However, comparatively little attention has been paid to the effects of family interventions on caregivers' stress coping and well-being, especially in...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbw054
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Migration is a major risk factor for schizophrenia but the neurochemical processes involved are unknown. One candidate mechanism is through elevations in striatal dopamine synthesis and release. The objective of this research was to determine whether striatal dopamine function is elevated in immigrants compared to non...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbw181
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive disruption in schizophrenia is associated with altered patterns of spatiotemporal interaction associated with multiple electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency bands in cortex. In particular, changes in the generation of gamma (30-80 Hz) and beta2 (20-29 Hz) rhythms correlate with observed deficits in communicat...
journal_title：Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/schbul/sbn059
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
