Abstract:
:The surfaces of all vertebrate cells are decorated with a dense and complex array of sugar chains, which are mostly attached to proteins and lipids. Most soluble secreted proteins are also similarly decorated with such glycans. Sialic acids are a diverse family of sugar units with a nine-carbon backbone that are typically found attached to the outermost ends of these chains. Given their location and ubiquitous distribution, sialic acids can mediate or modulate a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. This review considers some examples of their established and newly emerging roles in aspects of human physiology and disease.
journal_name
Trends Mol Medjournal_title
Trends in molecular medicineauthors
Varki Adoi
10.1016/j.molmed.2008.06.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-08-01 00:00:00pages
351-60issue
8eissn
1471-4914issn
1471-499Xpii
S1471-4914(08)00133-0journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Ten years ago, the linkage between mutations in the gene coding for the antioxidant enzyme Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and the neurodegenerative disease known as familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) was established. This finding has prompted a myriad of new studies in experimental models aimed at invest...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.06.009
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the coming years, molecular diagnostics will continue to be of critical importance to public health worldwide. It will facilitate the detection and characterization of disease, as well as monitoring of the drug response, and will assist in the identification of genetic modifiers and disease susceptibility. A wide r...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(02)02331-6
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defects in the regulation of apoptosis (programmed cell death) contribute to many diseases, including pathologies associated with cell loss (e.g. stroke, heart failure, neurodegeneration and AIDS), and disorders characterized by a failure to eliminate harmful cells (e.g. cancer, autoimmunity). Apoptosis is caused by a...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(01)02026-3
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal self-digestion process essential for cellular homeostasis, differentiation and survival. As an adaptive response, it protects organisms against a wide range of pathologies, including cancer, infection, neurodegeneration, heart disease and ageing. Thus, compounds activ...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2010.04.005
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyocyanin (PCN) is a blue redox-active secondary metabolite that is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PCN is readily recovered in large quantities in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis who are infected by P. aeruginosa. Despite in vitro studies demonstrating that PCN interferes with multiple cellular function...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.10.002
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic causes are thought to underlie about half of infertility cases, but understanding the genetic bases has been a major challenge. Modern genomics tools allow more sophisticated exploration of genetic causes of infertility through population, family-based, and individual studies. Nevertheless, potential therapies...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.008
更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Genetically engineered mouse models have revolutionized the study of pancreatic cancer, but have several technical and practical limitations. A new adeno-associated virus (AAV)-driven somatic genome-editing model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reported by Ideno et al. (Lab. Invest. published online February 6, 20...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.02.012
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the key component of the protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, plays a critical role in cellular development, tissue regeneration, and repair. mTOR signaling can govern not only stem cell development and quiescence but also cell death during apoptosis or autophagy. Recent studi...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.11.001
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we explore the potential of single-cell genomic analysis in blood for early detection of cancer; we consider a method that screens the presence of recurrent patterns of copy number (CN) alterations using sparse single-cell sequencing. We argue for feasibility, based on in silico analysis of existing single-cell ...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.05.005
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medulloblastomas often activate Hedgehog signaling inappropriately. The finding that mutations in components of this pathway are present only in few tumors suggests that additional genetic or epigenetic lesions can also lead to Hedgehog dysregulation. Chromosome 17p deletion, the most frequently detected genetic lesio...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2005.10.005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonin is an important neurohormonal factor that has been implicated in cardiovascular function. It can regulate vascular tone, act directly on cardiomyocytes and stimulate chemosensitive nerves in the heart. Cardiovascular dysfunction is observed when serotonin signaling is altered or when variation in serotonin c...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.03.007
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent whole exome sequencing studies in humans have provided novel insight into the importance of the ephrinB2-EphB4-RASA1 signaling axis in cerebrovascular development, corroborating and extending previous work in model systems. Here, we aim to review the human cerebrovascular phenotypes associated with ephrinB2-Eph...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.01.009
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The B cell arm of the immune response becomes activated soon after HIV-1 transmission, yet the initial antibody response does not control HIV-1 replication, and it takes months for neutralizing antibodies to develop against the autologous virus. Antibodies that can be broadly protective are made only in a minority of ...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2010.10.008
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arthritis represents a family of complex joint pathologies responsible for the majority of musculoskeletal conditions. Nearly all diseases within this family, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, are chronic conditions with few or no disease-modifying therapeutics availabl...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2017.08.002
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inflammasome is a key regulator of immune responses in the gut. Two recent studies in the journal Cell demonstrate that epithelial inflammasome activation and IL-18 secretion can control intestinal homeostasis or induce autoinflammation. ILC3 cells are triggered to secrete IL-22, regulating IL-18 expression in epi...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.02.008
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-transcriptional RNA editing generates novel gene products by changing the coding sequence of the transcript from that in the genome. Two classes of RNA editing exist in mammals, each of which involves an enzymatic deamination. These reactions have stringent sequence and structural requirements for their target RN...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(03)00032-7
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer cells meet their needs for energy and biomass production by consuming high levels of nutrients and rewiring metabolism to support macromolecular biosynthesis. Mitochondrial enzymes play central roles in anabolic growth, and acetylation may provide a key layer of regulation over mitochondrial metabolic pathways....
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.05.004
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Latin America and Southeast Asia has created an urgent need for new, simple, yet sensitive, diagnostic tests. We highlight recent work using paper-based sensors coupled with CRISPR/Cas9 to detect ZIKV RNA as a new approach to achieve rapid development and deployment of ...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.05.009
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Senescent cells drive ageing and the associated loss in health and lifespan. Whether this is mediated by systemic signalling remained unclear. Recently, Xu et al. [1] (Nat. Med. 2018;24:1246-1256) answered this question by injecting senescent cells into young mice and observing a long-lasting increase in frailty and m...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2018.09.003
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rearrangements of the MLL gene, which is located at chromosome 11q23, are associated with aggressive acute leukemias in both children and adults. MLL regulates Hox gene expression through direct promoter binding and histone modification. MLL rearrangements occurring in leukemia include MLL fusion genes, partial tandem...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.08.005
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the hippocampus has long been recognized as a brain structure specialized in mapping 'space' in rodents, human studies and now recent data from rodents have shown that its function extends well beyond spatial coding. Recently, an overlooked area of the hippocampus, CA2, has emerged as a critical region for socia...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.06.007
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although significant progress has been made in understanding autoimmunity, no immunotherapy to effectively halt immune-mediated destruction of β cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is currently available. For successful immunotherapy it will be necessary to identify novel drug targets as well as robust immunologic biomarke...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2018.08.005
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer immunotherapy but their success is wholly dependent on amplifying an existing immune response directed against the tumour. A recent study by Tsuchiya et al. suggests how the properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may be exploited for the targ...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.09.001
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite years of investigation, it is still not known why iron levels are abnormally high in some regions of the brain in neurodegenerative disorders. Also, it is not clear whether iron accumulation in the brain is an initial event that causes neuronal death or is a consequence of the disease process. Here, we propose...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(00)01910-9
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induction of pathogen-specific binding antibodies has long been considered a signature of protective immunity following vaccination and infection. The humoral immune response is a complex network of antibodies that target different specificities and drive different functions, collectively acting to limit and clear inf...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2016.09.002
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent paper by Dvela-Levitt et al., chemical screening using an immunofluorescent assay identified a compound that caused removal of a dominant-inherited misfolded secretory protein, mucin1-frameshifted, from an intracellular location in immortalized renal epithelial cells of a patient affected with progressive ...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.08.011
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sex differences have been clinically documented in numerous neurodegenerative diseases and yet the reasons for these differences are not well understood. Recent studies have found that microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, are a key cell type involved in neurodegenerative diseases. This cel...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.001
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous brain repair after stroke involves a set of highly interactive processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, synaptogenesis, and axonal outgrowth, which together orchestrate neurological recovery. During the past several years, there have been advances in our understanding of miRNAs and...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2015.07.005
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A key site of translation control is the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), which reduces the rate of GDP to GTP exchange by eIF2B, leading to altered translation. The extent of eIF2α phosphorylation within neurons can alter synaptic plasticity. Phosphorylation of eIF2α is trig...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2018.04.001
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite advances in treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), patient prognosis remains poor. Although there is growing evidence that molecular targeting could translate into better survival for GBM, current clinical data show limited impact on survival. Recent progress in GBM genomics implicate several activated p...
journal_title:Trends in molecular medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.01.011
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00