Mathematical description of the uptake of hydrocarbons in jet fuel into the stratum corneum of human volunteers.

abstract：:A multi-unit, dynamic flow, inhalation exposure system which is capable of accommodating 12 mice per unit has been described. Components of the system include a mixing board, one or more glass distributing tubes, and detachable glass chamber tubes. The flow of a specified concentration of test gas exits from the mixin...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kapeghian JC,Waters IW,Jones AB

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to cyanide from gari, a popular cassava food in West Africa, is implicated in the causation of ataxic polyneuropathy and amblyopia, but this has been questioned because cyanide was not detected in gari in a study. This study was carried out to determine if gari is a source of exposure to cyanide. Gari (150 g)...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Oluwole OS,Onabolu AO,Sowunmi A

更新日期：2002-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of paraquat on lung subcellular calcium transport was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. With a high dose of 30 mg/kg given i.p., a significant decrease in the lung mitochondrial and microsomal calcium uptake at 24, 48, and 72 h after paraquat was observed. Trend of recovery was evident at 96 h in the sur...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Agarwal AK,Coleman JW

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. General anaesthetics induce reversible structural and functional modifications of the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin contained in the purple membrane of halobacteria. 2. This short paper describes the phenomenological similarity between the effects of anaesthetics and heating on this system. 3. pH dependence and the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gao MM,Boucher F

更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is a phthalate ester that binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) to induce proliferation of peroxisomes and regulate the expression of specific target genes. The question of whether the effect of DEHP on female reproductive processes is mediated via PPARα-dependen...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kawano M,Qin XY,Yoshida M,Fukuda T,Nansai H,Hayashi Y,Nakajima T,Sone H

更新日期：2014-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Colon cancer evolves from a progressive inhibition of apoptosis and is influenced strongly by diet. Among dietary factors, butyrate (derived from fermentable fibers) may have utility as a chemopreventive agent because of its ability to promote apoptosis. Because CD95 (APO-1/Fas) transduces signals resulting in apoptos...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chapkin RS,Fan Y,Lupton JR

更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of endotoxin tolerance in rats led to reductions in bile flow and BSP excretion. BSP serum retention or storage of BSP in the liver was not affected. Although serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was slightly elevated in endotoxin-tolerant rats, the levels of serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST) ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Boelsterli UA,Abernathy CO,Balazs T,Zimmerman HJ

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proceedings in this volume suggest several important future research needs. Research is needed to validate modeling in toxicology in order to support the use of the general approach of modeling, either for structure-activity relationships (SAR) or physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), by regulators. Resea...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Menzel DB

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Musk xylene (MX), musk ketone (MK) and musk moskene (MM) are synthetic nitro-containing fragrances. Due to their inherent lipophilicity and environmental persistence, they are frequently detected in environmental samples and especially in aquatic ecosystems. Despite this, the current environmental toxicity database of...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chou YJ,Dietrich DR

更新日期：1999-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Because coarse mode particles are rarely studied in their existing size ranges (greatest mass about 5-7 microns, aerodynamic diameter), we investigated the effects of four such particles, quartz, ferric oxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium feldspar, on host defenses against bacterial pulmonary infection. Mice which re...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Aranyi C,Graf JL,O'Shea WJ,Graham JA,Miller FJ

更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nano-materials are currently being used in a variety of fields. One of the concerns associated with their use is their potential to harm human health. In an attempt to identify genes expressed differently in human lung cells (WI-26 VA4) exposed to nanosized (45 nm in diameter) PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers, we obs...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lee JH,Cha KE,Kim MS,Hong HW,Chung DJ,Ryu G,Myung H

更新日期：2009-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The people studied were male volunteers without occupational and dietary exposure to PAH: 27 smokers (10 cigarettes or more) and 27 non-smokers matched for age and socio-professional category. For each person, all the 24h voided urine samples were reassembled in a single sample. 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHPy) and 3-hydroxyb...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lafontaine M,Champmartin C,Simon P,Delsaut P,Funck-Brentano C

更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Since guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), a precursor of creatine, is synthesized mainly in the proximal tubule of the kidney where gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity often occurs, GM-induced renal cell damage was investigated using GAA synthesis in tubular suspension as an indicator. Results obtained were as follows: (1) GAA syn...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Takeda M,Jung KY,Sekine T,Endou H,Koide H

更新日期：1995-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastrointestinal tract is one of the main targets of cadmium (Cd), an important food and drinking water contaminant. In the present study, the effect of subchronic (30 days) oral (in water) intake of 5ppm and 50ppm of cadmium on immune responses in the gut was examined in rats. Cadmium consumption resulted in reductio...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ninkov M,Popov Aleksandrov A,Demenesku J,Mirkov I,Mileusnic D,Petrovic A,Grigorov I,Zolotarevski L,Tolinacki M,Kataranovski D,Brceski I,Kataranovski M

更新日期：2015-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major dose-limiting toxicities induced by antimicrotubule antitumor agents such as vinca alkaloids and taxanes is peripheral neuropathy. The neurotoxicity of TZT-1027 (a dolastatin 10 derivative antimicrotubule agent) was thus assessed using the animal models for antimicrotubule agent-induced neurotoxicity....

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ogawa T,Mimura Y,Isowa K,Kato H,Mitsuishi M,Toyoshi T,Kuwayama N,Morimoto H,Murakoshi M,Nakayama T

更新日期：2001-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical epidemiological studies have shown that there is a link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer, but how PD regulates cancer development remains unknown. In our study, the effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) on hepatoma was explored in a rotenone-induced PD model both in vitro and in vivo....

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bai XX,Gu L,Yang HM,Xi SS,Xia N,Zhang S,Zhang H

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Paraquat poisoning results in damages of multiple organs including liver, kidney and lung, and antioxidants have been proven to have protective effects. As a novel free radical scavenger, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (MCI-186), was introduced to clinical use recently, its protective effect was studied on acute ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Saibara T,Toda K,Wakatsuki A,Ogawa Y,Ono M,Onishi S

更新日期：2003-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been used in a wide variety of applications and detected in several environmental matrices, including indoor air and dust. Continuous human exposure to these chemicals is of growing concern. In this study, the agonistic and/or antagonistic activities of 12 primary OPFR-met...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kojima H,Takeuchi S,Van den Eede N,Covaci A

更新日期：2016-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to test the influence of nanoparticle size and surface area (SA) on cytokine secretion by co-cultures of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549), macrophages (differentiated THP-1 cells) and endothelium cells (EA.hy926) in a two-compartment system. We used monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticle...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Napierska D,Thomassen LC,Vanaudenaerde B,Luyts K,Lison D,Martens JA,Nemery B,Hoet PH

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The subacute nephrotoxicity of more than 20 industrial solvents has been compared in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were given 5 i.p. injections of the solvents per week for 2 weeks at doses ranging from 1/20 to 1/5 of the i.p. or oral LD50 and the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta 2-...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bernard AM,de Russis R,Normand JC,Lauwerys RR

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloropicrin is an aliphatic volatile nitrate compound that is mainly used as a pesticide. It has several toxic effects in animals and can cause irritating and other health problems in exposed humans. Since the mode of chloropicrin action is poorly understood, the aim of this study was to investigate molecular respons...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pesonen M,Pasanen M,Loikkanen J,Naukkarinen A,Hemmilä M,Seulanto H,Kuitunen T,Vähäkangas K

更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Acrolein, a potent cilioinhibitor of cigarette smoke was tested on synchronously dividing cultures. Mitosis could be blocked whenever the addition of acrolein was made during the cell cycle but this effect was totally reversible (between 0.06 microgram/ml to 1 microgram/ml). Nucleic acid syntheses were more affected t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Marano F,Puiseux-Dao S

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By the gas plant at Schwaan (a small city near Rostock), tar and other by-products were released into the river Warnow which supplies Rostock with drinking water 20 km downstream. The tar-contaminated river sediment contained phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), indicating a mutagenic potential. Investi...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Randow FF,Hübener T,Merkel G

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A short-term initiation/promotion bioassay has been developed in rat liver using putative preneoplastic foci as the endpoint for the detection of chemical carcinogens. The two protocols of the bioassay used in this study were varied according to the time 2/3 partial hepatectomy was performed in relation to when the in...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Herren SL,Pereira MA,Britt AL,Khoury MK

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lanthanides, because of their diversified physical and chemical effects, have been widely used in a number of fields. As a result, more and more lanthanides are entering into the environment and eventually accumulated in human body. Recently, a new medicine, lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol), has been used to treat chron...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Feng L,Xiao H,He X,Li Z,Li F,Liu N,Zhao Y,Huang Y,Zhang Z,Chai Z

更新日期：2006-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describing the disposition of 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE) was developed in order to predict the urinary concentration of its major metabolite, butoxyacetic acid (BAA) under a range of exposure scenarios. Based on Corley et al. [Corley, R.A., Bormett, G.A., Ghanayem, B.I....

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Franks SJ,Spendiff MK,Cocker J,Loizou GD

更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine pesticide widely distributed in the biosphere. ERalpha regulates the expression of genes involved in growth and development, and plays an important role in breast cancer. The present study focuses attention on the effect of HCB (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 microM) on cell prolifera...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： García MA,Peña D,Alvarez L,Cocca C,Pontillo C,Bergoc R,de Pisarev DK,Randi A

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:EDTA, 1,2-cyclohexylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (CDTA), hexamethylene 1,6-diamine N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid (HDTA), diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) were examined for the removal of manganese-54(54Mn) from some organs of sham-operated and partially hepatectomized rats in e...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kaur G,Srivastava UC,Dwivedi RS,Srivastava RC

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of T-2 toxin on the in vitro mitogen responses and the antibody-producing ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated. T-2 toxin inhibited the mitogen response to concanavalin A (ConA) at a lower concentration (1.6 ng/ml) as compared to phytohemagglutinin (2.4 ng/ml) and pokeweed mitogen (...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tomar RS,Blakley BR,De Coteau WE

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human steroid sulfatase (STS) plays an important role in regulating the formation of biologically active estrogens and may be a promising target for treating estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanism of STS gene expression, however, is still not clear. Growth factors are known to increase STS activity ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sung CH,Im HJ,Park N,Kwon Y,Shin S,Ye DJ,Cho NH,Park YS,Choi HK,Kim D,Chun YJ

更新日期：2013-11-25 00:00:00