Do animal personalities emerge?

abstract：:Ultrafast time-resolved optical spectroscopy has revealed new classes of physical, chemical and biological reactions, in which directed, deterministic motions of atoms have a key role. This contrasts with the random, diffusive motion of atoms across activation barriers that typically determines kinetic rates on slower...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rousse A,Rischel C,Fourmaux S,Uschmann I,Sebban S,Grillon G,Balcou P,Förster E,Geindre JP,Audebert P,Gauthier JC,Hulin D

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many tyrosine kinases, including the receptors for hormones such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor and insulin, transmit intracellular signals through Ras proteins. Ligand binding to such receptors stimulates Ras guanine-nucleotide-exchange activity and increases the level of GTP-bound Ras, suggest...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rozakis-Adcock M,Fernley R,Wade J,Pawson T,Bowtell D

更新日期：1993-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cyranoski D

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction mechanism of protein folding by the chaperonin GroEL and its regulator GroES has been defined. GroES and substrate protein counteract each other's effects on GroEL: whereas GroES stabilizes GroEL in the ADP-bound state, binding of unfolded polypeptide within the cavity of the GroEL cylinder triggers ADP a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Martin J,Mayhew M,Langer T,Hartl FU

更新日期：1993-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen causing food poisoning manifested by diarrhoeal or emetic syndromes. It is closely related to the animal and human pathogen Bacillus anthracis and the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, the former being used as a biological weapon and the latter as a pesticide. B. anth...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ivanova N,Sorokin A,Anderson I,Galleron N,Candelon B,Kapatral V,Bhattacharyya A,Reznik G,Mikhailova N,Lapidus A,Chu L,Mazur M,Goltsman E,Larsen N,D'Souza M,Walunas T,Grechkin Y,Pusch G,Haselkorn R,Fonstein M,Ehrli

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep is one of the few major whole-organ phenomena for which no function and no underlying mechanism have been conclusively demonstrated. Sleep could result from global changes in the brain during wakefulness or it could be regulated by specific loci that recruit the rest of the brain into the electrical and metaboli...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Joiner WJ,Crocker A,White BH,Sehgal A

更新日期：2006-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In several well-characterized site-specific recombination systems it has been shown that, for efficient recombination, the two recombining sites must have identical DNA sequences across the region between the staggered points of exchange. The precise DNA sequence of this overlap region, however, appears to be of littl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Falvey E,Hatfull GF,Grindley ND

更新日期：1988-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ca2+ + Mg2+-activated ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the active Ca2+ transport of this membrane system, the key feature of which is the formation of an energy-rich phosphorylated transport enzyme (EP) and its conversion. To understand the Ca2+-transport mechanism, it is essential to clarif...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Takisawa H,Makinose M

更新日期：1981-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammary gland is composed of multiple types of epithelial cells, which are generated by mammary stem cells (MaSCs) residing at the top of the hierarchy. However, the existence of these multipotent MaSCs remains controversial and the nature of such cells is unknown. Here we demonstrate that protein C receptor (Proc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wang D,Cai C,Dong X,Yu QC,Zhang XO,Yang L,Zeng YA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental change has altered the phenology, morphological traits and population dynamics of many species. However, the links underlying these joint responses remain largely unknown owing to a paucity of long-term data and the lack of an appropriate analytical framework. Here we investigate the link between phenoty...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ozgul A,Childs DZ,Oli MK,Armitage KB,Blumstein DT,Olson LE,Tuljapurkar S,Coulson T

更新日期：2010-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Humoral immune responses to immunization and infection and susceptibilities to antibody-mediated autoimmunity are generally lower in males1-3. However, the mechanisms underlying such sexual dimorphism are not well understood. Here we show that there are intrinsic differences between the B cells that produce germinal c...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhao R,Chen X,Ma W,Zhang J,Guo J,Zhong X,Yao J,Sun J,Rubinfien J,Zhou X,Wang J,Qi H

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Noradrenaline releases prostaglandins in the kidney, and in rats these augment rather than reduce vasoconstriction produced by the amine. Homogenates of kidneys of New Zealand rats inbred for hypertension exhibit lower prostaglandin inactivation by 15-hydroxydehydrogenase than controls. At the same time, augmentation ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Armstrong JM,Blackwell GJ,Flower RJ,McGiff JC,Mullane KM,Vane JR

更新日期：1976-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism by which insulin regulates cellular metabolism remains unknown although indirect evidence suggests that alterations in intracellular calcium are important. More specifically, it has been proposed that insulin triggers an increase in intracellular calcium which is responsible for the subsequent modificati...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pershadsingh HA,McDonald JM

更新日期：1979-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Organocatalysis-catalysis mediated by small chiral organic molecules-is a powerful technology for enantioselective synthesis, and has extensive applications in traditional ionic, two-electron-pair reactivity domains. Recently, organocatalysis has been successfully combined with photochemical reactivity to unlock previ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Silvi M,Melchiorre P

更新日期：2018-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Contamination of ground waters with water-soluble aromatic hydrocarbons, common components of petroleum pollution, often produces anoxic conditions under which microbial degradation of the aromatics is slow. Oxygen is often added to contaminated ground water to stimulate biodegradation, but this can be technically dif...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lovley DR,Woodward JC,Chapelle FH

更新日期：1994-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), as purified from fresh human platelets, is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 30,000 composed of two disulphide-linked subunit chains of similar size, named A and B (ref. 1). The dimer structure of PDGRF seems to be important for its biological effects, as reduction irreve...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Heldin CH,Johnsson A,Wennergren S,Wernstedt C,Betsholtz C,Westermark B

更新日期：1986-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are vital for regulating tryosine phosphorylation in many processes, including growth and differentiation. The regulation of receptor-like PTP (RPTP) activity remains poorly understood, but based on the crystal structure of RPTPalpha domain 1 we have proposed that dimerization can ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jiang G,den Hertog J,Su J,Noel J,Sap J,Hunter T

更新日期：1999-10-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The crystal structure of a solid controls the interactions between the electronically active units and thus its electronic properties. In the high-temperature superconducting copper oxides, only one spatial arrangement of the electronically active Cu(2+) units-a two-dimensional square lattice-is available to study the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ganin AY,Takabayashi Y,Jeglic P,Arcon D,Potocnik A,Baker PJ,Ohishi Y,McDonald MT,Tzirakis MD,McLennan A,Darling GR,Takata M,Rosseinsky MJ,Prassides K

更新日期：2010-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Abyssal-hill-bounding faults that pervade the oceanic crust are the most common tectonic feature on the surface of the Earth. The recognition that these faults form at plate spreading centres came with the plate tectonic revolution. Recent observations reveal a large range of fault sizes and orientations; numerical mo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Buck WR,Lavier LL,Poliakov AN

更新日期：2005-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Several distinct cell lineages are established during mouse embryogenesis. The trophectoderm and primitive endoderm give rise to extraembryonic structures alone, while the primitive ectoderm becomes the fetus proper. Recent studies suggest that the levels of DNA modification are lower in inactive X chromosomes from ex...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chapman V,Forrester L,Sanford J,Hastie N,Rossant J

更新日期：1984-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A combination of biochemistry in animal cell-free systems and genetics in yeast is revealing the molecular machinery of the secretory pathway of eukaryotes. Transporting vesicles have a simple coat structure and employ a general mechanism for fusion that is conserved in evolution. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rothman JE,Orci L

更新日期：1992-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A key step in the elimination of pathogens from the body is the covalent binding of complement proteins C3 and C4 to their surfaces. Proteolytic activation of these proteins results in a conformational change, and an internal thioester is exposed which reacts with amino or hydroxyl groups on the target surface to form...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dodds AW,Ren XD,Willis AC,Law SK

更新日期：1996-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:RNase P is the only endonuclease responsible for processing the 5' end of transfer RNA by cleaving a precursor and leading to tRNA maturation. It contains an RNA component and a protein component and has been identified in all organisms. It was one of the first catalytic RNAs identified and the first that acts as a mu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krasilnikov AS,Yang X,Pan T,Mondragón A

更新日期：2003-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The X-ray crystal structure of the transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) in complex with the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and TATA-element DNA is presented at 2.5 A resolution. TFIIA is composed of a beta-barrel and a four-helix bundle motif that together have a boot-like appearance. The beta-barrel extends the TBP beta-...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tan S,Hunziker Y,Sargent DF,Richmond TJ

更新日期：1996-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Elucidation of the molecular contacts between actin and myosin is central to understanding the force-generating process in muscle and other cells. Actin, a highly conserved globular protein found in all eukaryotes, polymerizes into filaments (F-actin) for most of its biological functions. Myosins, which are more diver...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schröder RR,Manstein DJ,Jahn W,Holden H,Rayment I,Holmes KC,Spudich JA

更新日期：1993-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Secreted signalling molecules of the Hedgehog (Hh) family have many essential patterning roles during development of diverse organisms including Drosophila and humans. Although Hedgehog proteins most commonly affect cell fate, they can also stimulate cell proliferation. In humans several distinctive cancers, including...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang Y,Kalderon D

更新日期：2001-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In budding yeast many genes are expressed under cell-cycle control in late G1. These include a large group of DNA synthesis genes, the HO gene involved in mating-type switching, CTS1 (chitinase) and also CLN1 and CLN2 (ref. 4) encoding G1 cyclins. Two factors, encoded by the SWI4 and SWI6 genes, are required for HO (r...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lowndes NF,Johnson AL,Breeden L,Johnston LH

更新日期：1992-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The annual cycle in the Earth's surface temperature is extremely large-comparable in magnitude to the glacial-interglacial cycles over most of the planet. Trends in the phase and the amplitude of the annual cycle have been observed, but the causes and significance of these changes remain poorly understood-in part beca...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stine AR,Huybers P,Fung IY

更新日期：2009-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Conrad et al. have generated human adult germline stem cells (haGSCs) from human testicular tissue, which they claim have similar pluripotent properties to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here we investigate the pluripotency of haGSCs by using global gene-expression analysis based on their gene array data and comp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ko K,Araúzo-Bravo MJ,Tapia N,Kim J,Lin Q,Bernemann C,Han DW,Gentile L,Reinhardt P,Greber B,Schneider RK,Kliesch S,Zenke M,Schöler HR

更新日期：2010-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most well studied genetic model organisms; nonetheless, its genome still contains unannotated coding and non-coding genes, transcripts, exons and RNA editing sites. Full discovery and annotation are pre-requisites for understanding how the regulation of transcription, splicing and...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Graveley BR,Brooks AN,Carlson JW,Duff MO,Landolin JM,Yang L,Artieri CG,van Baren MJ,Boley N,Booth BW,Brown JB,Cherbas L,Davis CA,Dobin A,Li R,Lin W,Malone JH,Mattiuzzo NR,Miller D,Sturgill D,Tuch BB,Zaleski C,

更新日期：2011-03-24 00:00:00