cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase-4D5 (PDE4D5) provides a paradigm for understanding the unique non-redundant roles that PDE4 isoforms play in shaping compartmentalized cAMP cell signalling.

abstract：:Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling is initiated with the influx of Ca2+ ions across the plasma membrane through voltage-gated L-type calcium channels. This process is tightly regulated by modulation of the channel open probability and channel localization. Protein kinase A (PKA) is found in close association with...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pallien T,Klussmann E

更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose 6-phosphate is an intermediate of pathways of glucose utilization and production as well as a regulator of enzyme activity and gene expression. Studies on the latter functions are in part based on measurement of the glucose 6-phosphate content in a whole-cell extract. Several studies have suggested that there ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Agius L,Centelles J,Cascante M

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-translational modification (PTM) of histones has been investigated in eukaryotes for years, revealing its widespread occurrence and functional importance. Many PTMs affect chromatin folding and gene activity. Only recently the occurrence of such modifications has been recognized in bacteria. However, it is unclea...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dilweg IW,Dame RT

更新日期：2018-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Many plant viral RNAs lack the 5'-cap structure that is required on all host mRNAs for interacting with essential translation initiation factors. Instead, uncapped viral RNAs take over the host translation machinery by harbouring sequences that functionally replace the 5'-cap. Recent reports reveal at least eight diff...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Miller WA,Wang Z,Treder K

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial hydrogenases have been harnessed to the removal of heavy metals from solution by reduction to less soluble metal species. For Pd(II), its bioreduction results in the deposition of cell-bound Pd(0)-nanoparticles that are ferromagnetic and have a high catalytic activity. Hydrogenases can also be used synthetic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Macaskie LE,Baxter-Plant VS,Creamer NJ,Humphries AC,Mikheenko IP,Mikheenko PM,Penfold DW,Yong P

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tribbles (TRIB) proteins are pseudokinase mediators of eukaryotic signalling that have evolved important roles in lipoprotein metabolism, immune function and cellular differentiation and proliferation. In addition, an evolutionary-conserved modulation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathways highlights them as novel and rather...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Foulkes DM,Byrne DP,Bailey FP,Eyers PA

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a cellular energy sensor that monitors the ratio of AMP/ATP, and possibly also ADP/ATP, inside cells. Once activated by falling cellular energy levels, it acts to restore energy homoeostasis by switching on catabolic pathways that generate ATP, while switching off anabolic pathwa...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gowans GJ,Hardie DG

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes represent a large superfamily that displays extraordinarily diverse substrate specificities. After a concise review about CYPs of the CYP1A subfamily, which plays a crucial role in procarcinogen activation, this paper presents segment-directed mutagenesis. This approach generates a librar...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Urban P,Jobert AS,Lainé R,Pompon D

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcript is populated with numerous overlapping codes that regulate all steps of gene expression. Deciphering these codes is very challenging due to the large number of variables involved, the non-modular nature of the codes, biases and limitations in current experimental approaches, our limited knowledge in gen...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bahiri-Elitzur S,Tuller T

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Reciprocal biochemical and biophysical interactions between tumor cells, stromal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) result in a unique tumor microenvironment that determines disease outcome. The cellular component of the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor growth by providing nutrients, assisting in the ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Johan MZ,Samuel MS

更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The production of dihydrogen by Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae is one of the classic features of mixed-acid fermentation. Synthesis of the multicomponent, membrane-associated FHL (formate hydrogenlyase) enzyme complex, which disproportionates formate into CO(2) and H(2), has an absolute r...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sawers RG

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most research strategies for cartilage tissue engineering use extended culture with complex media loaded with costly GFs (growth factors) to drive tissue assembly and yet they result in the production of cartilage with inferior mechanical and structural properties compared with the natural tissue. Recent evidence sugg...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ayerst BI,Day AJ,Nurcombe V,Cool SM,Merry CL

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Collaborative communication lies at the centre of multicellular life. Gap junctions (GJs) are surface membrane structures that allow direct communication between cells. They were discovered in the 1960s following the convergence of the detection of low-resistance electrical interactions between cells and anatomical st...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Evans WH

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:UBDs [Ub (ubiquitin)-binding domains], which are typically small protein motifs of <50 residues, are used by receptor proteins to transduce post-translational Ub modifications in a wide range of biological processes, including NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling and proteasomal degradation pathways. More than 20 fami...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Searle MS,Garner TP,Strachan J,Long J,Adlington J,Cavey JR,Shaw B,Layfield R

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin E is an important nutrient with antioxidant and non-antioxidant functions, and certain evidence suggests that it has a cardiovascular protective role. It is therefore important to maintain an optimal vitamin E status. In the present paper, a number of MS applications to monitor vitamin E status and its interac...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lodge JK

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice devoid of the original uncoupling protein UCP1 have provided opportunities to delineate UCP1 function in a series of biochemical and physiological contexts. The isolated brown-fat mitochondria from such mice are fully coupled (without the addition of GDP), but still exhibit a depressed capacity for ATP synthesis....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Nedergaard J,Golozoubova V,Matthias A,Shabalina I,Ohba K,Ohlson K,Jacobsson A,Cannon B

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The central role of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor A) in angiogenesis is dependent upon its ability to co-ordinately regulate multiple endothelial functions. The multifunctionality of VEGF at the cellular level results from its ability to initiate a diverse, complex and integrated network of signalling pathw...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zachary I

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ribosome is the macromolecular machinery in the host cell for which all viruses have to compete. Early in infection, the viral mRNAs have to compete with the host for both the ribosomes and for the limited pool of eukaryotic initiation factors that are needed to facilitate the recruitment of ribosomes to both vira...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sarnow P,Cevallos RC,Jan E

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological diversity in marine OMZs (oxygen minimum zones) is dominated by a complex community of bacteria and archaea whose anaerobic metabolisms mediate key steps in global nitrogen and carbon cycles. Molecular and physiological studies now confirm that OMZs also support diverse micro-organisms capable of utilizing ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Stewart FJ

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders in industrialized countries. NAFLD develops in the absence of alcohol abuse and encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders ranging from benign fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH often leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cano A,Alonso C

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 is an ubiquitously expressed kinase with the ability to regulate a variety of transport systems. Recent observations point to a role of SGK1 in the regulation of diverse physiological functions such as epithelial transport and cardiac and neuronal excitability. At le...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lang F,Vallon V,Grahammer F,Palmada M,Böhmer C

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding how cognitive processes including learning, memory, decision making and ideation are encoded by the genome is a key question in biology. Identification of sets of genes underlying human mental disorders is a path towards this objective. Schizophrenia is a common disease with cognitive symptoms, high heri...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tam GW,van de Lagemaat LN,Redon R,Strathdee KE,Croning MD,Malloy MP,Muir WJ,Pickard BS,Deary IJ,Blackwood DH,Carter NP,Grant SG

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CYP74C3 (cytochrome P450 subfamily 74C3), an HPL (hydroperoxide lyase) from Medicago truncatula (barrel medic), and CYP74A1, an AOS (allene oxide synthase) from Arabidopsis thaliana, are key membrane-associated P450 enzymes in plant oxylipin metabolism. Both recombinant detergent-free enzymes are monomeric proteins wi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hughes RK,Belfield EJ,Casey R

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The action of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is essential to maintain proper endothelial and vascular function. VEGF stimulates virtually all aspects of endothelial function, namely proliferation, migration, permeability and nitric oxide production and release. In addition, the action of VEGF makes the endo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Waltenberger J

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is a member of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family that regulates a range of biological processes implicated in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, genetic studies have demonstrated that the removal of specific Jnk genes can reduce neuronal death ass...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Davies C,Tournier C

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation and dyslipidaemia both play important roles in the development of glomerular atherosclerosis in renal diseases. We have demonstrated that inflammatory mediators induced Scr (scavenger receptor) expression and the formation of foam cells, and that AP-1 (activator protein 1)/ets were necessary transcription...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ruan XZ,Moorhead JF,Fernando R,Wheeler DC,Powis SH,Varghese Z

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CT responds to properties of PC-depleted membranes: increased negative charge density, which concentrates the enzyme at the membrane surface, and lipid packing perturbations, which create holes in the membrane surface into which the hydrophobic side chains of the amphipathic helix of domain M can intercalate. The PC-d...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cornell RB

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hsk1 (homologue of Cdc7 kinase 1) of the fission yeast is a member of the conserved Cdc7 (cell division cycle 7) kinase family, and promotes initiation of chromosome replication by phosphorylating Mcm (minichromosome maintenance) subunits, essential components for the replicative helicase. Recent studies, however, ind...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Matsumoto S,Masai H

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sorting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within the multivesicular body (MVB) is an essential step during the down-regulation of the receptor. The machinery that drives EGFR sorting attaches to the cytoplasmic face of the endosome and generates vesicles that bud in...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tabernero L,Woodman P

更新日期：2018-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:A limited number of bacteria, yeast and fungi can convert hemicellulose or its monomers (xylose, arabinose, mannose and galactose) into ethanol with a satisfactory yield and productivity. In the present study we tested a number of thermophilic enrichment cultures, and new isolates of thermophilic anaerobic bacterial s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sommer P,Georgieva T,Ahring BK

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00