Abstract:
STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to compare the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) notification system for congenital malformation surveillance and the Liverpool Congenital Malformations Registry (LCMR) with respect to efficiency and uniformity of ascertainment, diagnostic accuracy, and overreporting of minor malformations. DESIGN:Manual matching of computer listings was done, using date of birth, sex, birthweight, and health district of residence. Maternal age was used to confirm the match. SETTING:Data were collected in the English health districts of Liverpool, St Helens and Knowsley, Southport and Formby, South Sefton, and Wirral over the years 1980-1985. SUBJECTS:1959 malformed children notified to OPCS and 2649 notified to LCMR were assessed. MAIN RESULTS:35.5% of malformed children ascertained by LCMR within seven days of birth were not notified to OPCS; 35.7% of cases reported to OPCS were exclusions from the LCMR protocol as being trivial malformations according to EUROCAT (European Registry of Congenital Anomalies) guidelines. Misclassification was infrequent but in 11.2% of cases the additional malformations present were not notified to OPCS. Conditions readily diagnosed at birth, such as neural tube defects, exomphalos, and facial clefts, were well ascertained by OPCS but others such as oesophageal atresia and Down's syndrome were not. CONCLUSIONS:It is important that national surveillance of congenital malformations should continue. However, several modifications to the present OPCS monitoring system are necessary, including greater standardisation of data collection, the exclusion of trivial and clinically non-significant malformations, and the inclusion of data on therapeutic abortions performed for fetal abnormality. These issues are being addressed by OPCS.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Dutton SJ,Owens JR,Harris Fdoi
10.1136/jech.45.4.294subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-12-01 00:00:00pages
294-8issue
4eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:This study investigates social inequalities in self-rated health dynamics for working-aged adults in four nations, representing distinct welfare regime types. The aims are to describe average national trajectories of self-rated health over a 7-year period, identify social determinants of cross-sectional and ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.091199
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to evaluate the hypothesis that sunlight exposure leads to the development of gallstones in people with a sun sensitive skin. DESIGN AND SETTING:This was a case-control study among 206 white patients referred for an ultrasound examination of the gallbladder. Sunlight exposure and skin sensi...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.4.425
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to examine (1) trends concerning financial assistance from the national government to local governments, (2) trends regarding death rates and life expectancies among prefectures, and (3) the effect of the national financial adjustment policy in equalising both the reve...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.55.10.748
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to explore the relationships between five socioeconomic variables and three main cardiovascular diseases (ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, and cerebrovascular disease) in Hong Kong. DESIGN:This cross sectional study used data from the 1986 by-census and registered death data f...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.2.148
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been hypothesised that dehydration in infancy could permanently increase sodium retention, raising blood pressure in later life. In this study, the association between gastrointestinal tract infection in infancy, a clinically relevant exposure often accompanied by dehydration, and raised blood pressur...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.090894
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although physical activity is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL), the nature of the dose-response relationship remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:To examine the concurrent and prospective dose-response relationships between total physical activity (TPA) and (only) walking with HRQL in two age co...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200850
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age adjusted incidence rates (World standard) from invasive cervical cancer in the Swiss canton of Vaud decreased from 17.7/100,000 in 1968-70 to 9.9/100,000 in 1983-85. The decline was substantial in younger middle age, but no appreciable trend was observed in women over 70. This is consistent with available intervie...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.43.2.121
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Road traffic deaths (RTDs) remain the 9th most common cause of mortality in South Korea despite their decreasing trends in high-income countries. In 2010 and 2011, the Korean government deregulated the process for obtaining a driving licence, and there has been significant concern that such deregulation of t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-207000
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health, but SES measures are frequently unavailable in commonly used datasets. Area-level SES measures are used as proxy measures of individual SES when the individual measures are lacking. Little is known about the agreement between individual-level ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2012-201742
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of extreme temperatures. OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship between extreme temperatures and paediatric emergency department admissions (EDAs) in Brisbane, Australia, during 2003-2009. METHODS:A quasi-Poisson generalised linear model combined with a di...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202725
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the relative influence of area of residence on mortality risk along the life course in different age groups and to see if this differs for causes known to be related differently to various models of the life course. METHODS:Individual data from the Censuses in 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 from Oslo, ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.048090
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol policies around the world seek to delay the initiation of drinking. This is partly based on the influential idea that earlier initiation is likely to cause adult alcohol problems. This study synthesises robust evidence for this proposition. METHODS:Systematic review of prospective cohort studies in ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203402
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D deficiency occurs worldwide. Winter season and high Body Mass Index (BMI) are associated with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). We estimated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a Norwegian adult population and examined factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. A cohort of 25, 616 a...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202587
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is evidence that birth weight is positively associated with education, but it remains unclear whether this association is explained by familial environmental factors, genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birth weight and educational years within twin pair...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2017-210403
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The most direct way in which climate change is expected to affect public health relates to changes in mortality rates associated with exposure to ambient temperature. Many countries worldwide experience annual heat-related and cold-related deaths associated with current weather patterns. Future changes in cl...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202449
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to assess the risk of back symptoms in people admitted to hospital because of traffic accidents and falls. DESIGN:The study was a cross sectional survey with information collected by postal questionnaire. Main outcome measures were associations between hospital admission for a traffic accid...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.3.231
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight hundred and ninety-nine men were studied, aged 16-65 inclusive, who underwent an elective inguinal herniorrhaphy during 1970 and 1971 in eight hospitals in Wessex, and under nine consultant surgeons. There was a significant variation in postoperative inpatient stay and total sickness absence between hospitals an...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.33.2.121
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence of racial/ethnic inequalities in tobacco outlet density is limited by: (1) reliance on studies from single counties or states, (2) limited attention to spatial dependence, and (3) an unclear theory-based relationship between neighbourhood composition and tobacco outlet density. METHODS:In 97 counti...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2016-208475
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:There is little information on the potential benefit of immunising all patients with chronic lung disease in the community against influenza. The clinical effectiveness and economic benefit was established of the influenza vaccination programme in a general practice based cohort of adult patients with c...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.52.2.120
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We investigated the influence of sleeplessness and number of insomnia symptoms on the probability of recovery from chronic low back pain (LBP), and the possible interplay between sleeplessness and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain on this association. METHODS:The study comprised data on 3712 women and 2488 ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2019-212734
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A statistical analysis combines data with assumptions to yield a quantitative result that is a function of both. One goal of an epidemiological analysis, then, should be to combine data with good assumptions. Unfortunately, a typical quantitative epidemiological analysis combines data with an assumption for which ther...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2007.063909
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High intelligence early in life has consistently been associated with decreased mortality, but the mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this cohort study, we examined the association between intelligence in early adulthood and later mortality from natural and unnatural causes taking birth weight, pa...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202637
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Birthweight and gestational age are the two most commonly used continuous variables in perinatal research. Dichotomous outcomes derived from these two variables include low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age, each extensively used as perinatal and population health indicators within public health...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200772
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In India, excess female under-5 mortality is well documented. Under-5 mortality is also known to be patterned by socioeconomic factors. This study examines sex differentials and sex-specific wealth gradients in neonatal, postneonatal and child mortality in India. METHODS:Repeated cross-sectional study of na...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2018-211569
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To elucidate whether the risk of macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) is influenced by maternal body mass index and glucose tolerance differently in male and female fetuses. METHODS:A population study was conducted in 16 general hospitals from the Spanish National H...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.074542
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the relationship between residential change and a woman's subsequent risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), whether by a past or a new offender, a relationship that has not been prospectively examined to date. DESIGN:A dynamic cohort of women who recently changed residence (movers) was compared...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2006.047084
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to investigate whether the survival of women with cancer of the uterine cervix is associated with their marital status and social class. DESIGN:The study was a survey of survival up to 5 years from diagnosis of women with cancer of the cervix registered in the South Thames Cancer Registry, ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.44.4.293
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::One thousand school boys aged 8 to 16 were examined for their somatotype, physical growth, sexual maturation, and smoking habits. Fifty-two boys were found to be smokers, of whom 30 were regularly smoking between two and 20 bidis or cigarettes a day for a mean duration of 2.5 years. The mean height and weight of the s...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.34.4.295
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective questionnaire and interview study of 10 year survivors of uncomplicated myocardial infarction examined smoking, diet, exercise, weight, medication, and treatment since discharge from hospital in 1973-4 and made comparisons with controls (using the same questionnaire) and with normal populations (as rep...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.40.2.103
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to estimate the likely burden of cervical cancer in New Zealand over the next two decades, according to whether cervical screening services are made more effective. DESIGN:The study was based on national mortality and incidence data for the periods 1954-87 and 1954-86, respectively. An age-...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.46.4.373
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00