Abstract：
UNLABELLED:During the previous two decades smoking among pregnant women in the developed world declined by about 60-75%. Nevertheless, prenatal smoking remains a common habit and accounts for a significant proportion of fetal morbidity and mortality through both a direct (fetal) and an indirect (placental) effect. The most important smoking-induced placental pathology is placental abruption with reported risk estimates ranging from 1.4 to 4.0. It is almost a consensus that prenatal smoking is a causative factor for placental abruption. Although the evidence is less compelling, smoking mothers are at an increased risk for placenta previa and placenta-previa-accreta combination. There is no association between maternal smoking and the syndrome of idiopathic uterine bleeding. The relationship between maternal smoking and fetal growth is causal, and includes significant reduction in growth of head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length, with the largest reduction in size observed for femur length. Prenatal smoking is associated with a 20-30% higher likelihood for stillbirth, a 40% elevation in the risk for infant mortality and a 2-fold increase in the incidence of SIDS. CONCLUSION:Despite a temporal decline in maternal smoking, it still accounts for significant feto-infant morbidity and mortality, and efforts to discourage prenatal smoking need to be intensified.
journal_name
Early Hum Devjournal_title
Early human developmentauthors
Salihu HM,Wilson REdoi
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.08.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-11-01 00:00:00pages
713-20issue
11eissn
0378-3782issn
1872-6232pii
S0378-3782(07)00124-7journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Breast- and formula-fed infants were compared with regard to behavior patterns, especially crying behavior. A diary concerning seven behaviors was completed by 188 mothers of breast- and formula-fed infants at the well baby clinic. Breast-fed infants were fed more frequently with longer feeding duration. They slept mo...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(00)00071-2
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing public awareness of the prone sleeping position, maternal smoking and overheating as potentially avoidable risk factors for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been accompanied by a dramatic reduction in mortality. The results of two population based studies of SIDS in Avon are compared; the first o...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(94)90208-9
更新日期：1994-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Among 7 subjects with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), we found gabapentin therapy to be associated with mean reductions in nausea and emesis from Baseline to Days 12-14 of 80% and 94%, respectively. There have been 2 congenital defects among 7 exposed infants. Gabapentin may be effective in the treatment of HG. ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.11.003
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unexpected death in infancy may be a consequence of recognisable pathophysiological processes, or may remain unexplained after thorough investigation. We review the appropriate investigations that should be performed after unexpected infant deaths, and the recent changes to UK law that will make such investigations ma...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.09.012
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The benefit of anti-reflux surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in early infancy is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the value of Nissen fundoplication in a group of infants with severe GOR. METHODS:10 infants underwent Nissen fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux following a failure of...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.09.002
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is convincing evidence that breast-feeding is protective against gastro-enteritis and diarrhoea, but for other infections the situation is less clear cut. There is evidence that breast-fed infants are at increased risk of one infection (infant botulism). They are probably not significantly protected from upper r...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(97)00056-x
更新日期：1997-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:A multicenter randomised trial was conducted in nine neonatal centers in Japan to re-evaluate the safety and the efficacy of high frequency oscillatory ventilation using the piston type oscillator (Hummingbird) in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants weighing between 750 and 2000 g at birth. A total...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(93)90088-c
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The predictive value of the neonatal neurological examination (NNE) adapted from Prechtl, was investigated in 139 term Zimbabwean infants born with an Apgar score of five or less at 5 min. At 4 months, seven infants had died and 13 were lost to follow-up, leaving 119 infants to undergo the Infant Motor Screen (IMS). E...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(97)00120-5
更新日期：1998-05-29 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pregnancy outcome in pregnancies with threatened abortion (miscarriage). MATERIAL AND METHOD:A prospective cohort study was performed on 1000 pregnant women. 500 women (case group), had a history of vaginal bleeding during the first half of pregnancy and the other 500 women (control group), d...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.02.005
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To determine the reproducibility and minimum detectable change (MDC) of heart rate variability (HRV) measures during two sequential 24-h periods, at week 32 of gestation, in preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The second aim is to assess postnatal ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105117
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The parental bond is characterized by the perception of care and protection received by parental figures throughout human development. During the gestational period, the intensity in which the woman manifests behaviors and feelings for the fetus was denominated maternal-fetal attachment (MFA). In this perspe...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105310
更新日期：2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether placental lesions are risk factors for neurologic morbidities in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) infants, we compared the incidence of cranial ultrasound (CUS) abnormalities and the number and type of placental lesions in IUGR cases and gestational age-matched appropriate for gestat...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(01)00114-1
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A significant improvement has been achieved in perinatal mortality figures during the last decade in Japan with a neonatal mortality rate of 2.6 and a stillbirth rate of 4.1 for 1989. With its unique obstetric and neonatal services, there are advantages and also disadvantages in respect of clinical and basic research....
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(92)90185-j
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the face of evidence of human milk contamination by organochlorine pesticides, an analysis was performed on samples of milk obtained from healthy lactating women in the provinces of Granada and Almeria in Southern Spain. The samples were obtained by the Neonate Section of the Department of Pediatrics of Granada Uni...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(01)00221-3
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are part of the highly conserved components of the innate immune system, and have been investigated extensively; however, little is known about TLR function during early postnatal life, a critical period for immune maturation. AIMS:In order to achieve a more complete understanding...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.03.013
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Candidal chorioamnionitis is an uncommon and apparently rather indolent intrauterine infection in which the fetus is able to marshal some of the immunological forces at its disposal against an easily visualized antigen impinging on lung mucosal surfaces. In a retrospective histological study of one of the largest repo...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(85)90113-6
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reported energy content of infant formulas will vary, depending upon the method used to calculate or measure the caloric value. Manufacturers' specifications regarding the energy content of milk formulas reflects the 'metabolizable' energy. i.e., the amount of energy which is digested and absorbed by the infant. H...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(82)90124-4
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Children born very preterm (VPT) are at increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems later in life. We aimed to determine the prevalence and spectrum of behavioral abnormalities at five years of age in VPT children. METHODS:Multi-center cohort study on 339 early-school aged children born at a gesta...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105200
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study set out to document child care practices in as many different countries and cultures as possible with the aim of providing baseline child care data and stimulating new hypotheses to explain persisting differences in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) rates between countries. The protocol, piloted in four co...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0378-3782(99)00021-3
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein produced by immature Sertoli cells and responsible for the regression of müllerian ducts in male fetuses. The ontogeny of the hormone in early human development was investigated. While no detectable AMH could be found in female fetal serum, in males, the mean +/- S.E.M. A...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(93)90204-8
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the preschool neurodevelopmental outcome in CDH survivors between 2 and 5 years of age and to identify perinatal and postnatal factors that may be predictive of persistent neurological deficits. METHODS:The study cohort consists of 60 CDH survivors that were enrolled in our prospective, follow-up...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.12.009
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A management programme for the control and treatment of Rh0 (D) immunized during pregnancy is presented. A total of 34,650 births were registered during a 4.5 year period and included 63 D positive newborns to D-immunized mothers. The outcome of all infants has been evaluated according to the severity of the haemolyti...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(87)90096-x
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of umbilical vessel walls is increasingly being studied as a longer-term reflection of the fetal EFA status. We evaluated the EFA content of umbilical artery and vein vessel walls in 43 preterm infants and compared it with that of 43 full-term cord vessels. In addition, relat...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(95)01656-n
更新日期：1995-08-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a common neonatal problem and, sadly, results in acute and chronic respiratory morbidity. Although meconium aspiration can occur prior to delivery even in the absence of labour, in many infants this condition could be prevented by appropriate suctioning at birth. More accurate pre...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(95)01625-d
更新日期：1995-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is concern that exposure of preterm infants to noxious insults over a prolonged period may have long term effects on their developing nervous system. AIMS:To investigate medium and long term effects of heel pricks in infants over the first year of life. STUDY DESIGN:Study 1-a longitudinal study, 2 da...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.09.018
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioural state observations were carried out on 12 fetuses which subsequently had birthweights below the 10th percentile. Their gestational ages at the time of study ranged from 32 to 40 weeks. Real-time ultrasound scanning was used to detect fetal body and eye movements, and the fetal heart rate was continuously r...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(85)90181-1
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prevention of extra-uterine growth retardation is of extreme importance, as the achievement of adequate growth has been associated with a favorable neurodevelopmental outcome through childhood. In addition, as disturbances in growth that take place early in life may affect adult health, a full understanding of the gro...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.08.004
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hydatidiform mole is an abnormal pregnancy with over-proliferation of the placenta, which causes the dysfunction of placenta. Although more than 80% of hydatidiform moles are benign with good outcome, hydatidiform moles are associated with developing very early onset preeclampsia. However the association bet...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.02.008
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Corrected age is typically applied when assessing the development of children born <32 weeks of gestation. There is no consensus as to whether corrected age should be applied when assessing children born late/moderately preterm (LMPT; 32-36 weeks of gestation). AIMS:This study explored the impact of correct...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.01.002
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report a breast-fed preterm infant (31 weeks gestation) who developed nutritional zinc deficiency 13 weeks post delivery. Serial samples of his mothers breast milk from early lactation (2 weeks post delivery) contained very low zinc concentrations, although her serum zinc and sweat zinc concentrations were normal. ...
journal_title：Early human development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-3782(85)90062-3
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
