Abstract:
:Bacterial infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with HIV living in Africa. Broadening the scope of cotrimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis to cover patients whose CD4 counts are above 200 cells/mm(3) has been suggested as a means of improving the control of infectious disease on the continent. CTX has demonstrated antimalarial benefit in Central and West Africa, but in areas of high bacterial resistance to CTX, the prophylactic role of CTX as an antibacterial agent is less clear. In particular there is little to suggest that prophylactic CTX provides reliable control against the pneumococcus. In both South Africa and the Gambia, several clinical studies with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have resulted in improved clinical outcomes for children with and without HIV infection. There is clearly much more that needs to be done, and conjugate vaccines provide a unique opportunity to improve the future lives of Africa's children.
journal_name
Curr HIV/AIDS Repjournal_title
Current HIV/AIDS reportsauthors
Spencer DCdoi
10.1007/s11904-007-0021-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-08-01 00:00:00pages
141-6issue
3eissn
1548-3568issn
1548-3576journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), more than 50% of perinatally HIV-infected children die by 2 years of age. Early ART from infancy is therefore a global recommendation and significantly improves immune health, child survival, and disease outcome. However, even early treatment does not pr...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-020-00495-1
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) over the past decade has reformed principles that were once thought to be exclusive to adaptive immunity. Here, we describe ILC nomenclature and function, and provide a survey of studies examining these cells in the context of HIV/SIV infections. Particula...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-019-00439-4
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review provides an overview of HCV resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) with a focus on NS3 protease and NS5A inhibitor resistance. Treatment approaches for managing resistance are also covered including the use of newly approved therapies with improved resistance profiles. RECENT FINDINGS...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-017-0369-5
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Early diagnosis and treatment of HIV following seroconversion improves individual and population health. Using published data on pre-treatment CD4 cell counts, we benchmarked the level of immunodeficiency at HIV diagnosis and ART initiation in the "real world" against those of the treatment and co...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-019-00452-7
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The global HIV pandemic began to expand rapidly in southern Africa a decade later than was noted in central Africa, Europe, the Caribbean, and North America. Multiple factors played a role in this rapid expansion which led Southern Africa to become the most heavily afflicted region for HIV/AIDS globally. In this issue...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type:
doi:10.1007/s11904-015-0270-z
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV pandemic has disproportionately impacted sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Africa in particular. The concurrent presence of overlapping epidemic drivers likely underpins how and why the HIV epidemic is so explosive in this region, with implications for understanding approaches to reduce transmission. In this rev...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-016-0314-z
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Neurological conditions associated with HIV/AIDS including central nervous system (CNS), opportunistic infections (OI), chronic conditions including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral escape remain major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. CNS in...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-020-00514-1
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review aims to describe the epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers (FSWs) in China over the past decade, to summarize current gaps in knowledge regarding risk factors, and to identify new directions for HIV prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS:We summarized national and regional levels o...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-019-00477-y
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The availability of potent combination antiretroviral therapy has changed the long-term prognosis for people living with HIV/AIDS. There is increasing concern, however, about the effect of HIV therapy on lipid disorders and subsequent development of coronary artery disease. Virtually all classes of antiretroviral drug...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-005-0006-6
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The course of HIV research has led to a multitude of interventions to prevent and treat HIV. With the arrival of more effective interventions comes the need to end, or de-implement, less effective interventions. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe the state of de-implementation research in HIV and provide a rationale for e...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-020-00517-y
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Self-reports are the most widely used method for measuring antiretroviral adherence. The association between self-reports and viral loads has been repeatedly demonstrated, but this association does not address how well self-reports measure actual medication-taking behaviors. Understanding adherence self-reports requir...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11904-009-0024-x
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurocognitive impairment is common in people living with HIV and AIDS. Prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), cognitive impairment primarily affected patients with advanced disease, and was a more rapidly progressive illness. With the use of HAART, cognitive impairment improved, along with the overall...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-009-0020-1
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substance users are at elevated risk for HIV. HIV researchers, particularly at the intersection of HIV and substance use, have requested new methods to better understand and address this important area. New technologies, such as social media and mobile applications, are increasingly being used as research tools in stu...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-015-0295-3
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased access to testing and treatment means HIV can be managed as a chronic illness, though successful management requires continued engagement with the health care system. Most of the global HIV burden is in sub-Saharan Africa where rates of new infections are consistently higher in women versus men. Pregnancy is...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-014-0252-6
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adolescents are critical to efforts to end the AIDS epidemic. Few national AIDS strategies explicitly program for children in their second decade of life. Adolescents (aged 10-19 years) are therefore largely invisible in global, regional, and country HIV and AIDS reports making it difficult to assess progress in this ...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-013-0159-7
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population of patients with HIV infection achieving viral suppression on combination antiretroviral therapy is growing, aging, and experiencing a widening spectrum of non-AIDS diseases. Concurrently, AIDS-defining conditions are becoming less common and are variably associated with outcome. Nonetheless, the spectr...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11904-010-0041-9
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Female sex workers (FSWs) continue to represent a high-risk population in need of targeted HIV prevention interventions. Targeting environmental risk factors should result in more sustainable behavior change than individual-level interventions alone. There are many types of FSWs who operate in and through a variety of...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-012-0142-8
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccine recommendations for those with HIV require continual updating as additional research becomes available. Timing of vaccinations among HIV-infected individuals is a key area of uncertainty. This is particularly true for those who may soon initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) because immune recon...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-009-0014-z
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite impressive decreases in mortality and morbidity, significant adverse events have surfaced as a result of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). They include lipoatrophy, or subcutaneous fat wasting of the face, arms, buttocks, or legs, which can be associated with central fat accumulation. Although the unde...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-008-0010-8
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for most types of cancer, including those typically classified as non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). This increased risk is likely multifactorial, but a prominent risk factor for the increased rate of some cancers is co-infection with oncogenic viruses. Anal cancer, hepat...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-015-0276-6
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the last three decades, sub-Saharan Africa has been the epicentre of the HIV epidemic. Some key drivers of the epidemic are specific to this region and there is an urgent need to develop context-specific strategies to reduce HIV-related burden. Implementation frameworks should endeavour to combine structural, beha...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-015-0262-z
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An emerging body of evidence suggests that intergenerational sexual partnerships may increase risk of HIV acquisition among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). However, no studies have comprehensively evaluated literature in this area. We applied a scoping review methodology to explore the relationships between ag...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-013-0187-3
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV may cause several forms of peripheral neuropathy, the most common of which is distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) characterized by pain and sensory deficits in a stocking-glove distribution. The pathophysiology of DSP remains largely unknown but is thought to be related both to the neurotoxicity of HIV-through i...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-014-0211-2
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::While combination antiretroviral therapy allows HIV-infected patients to have life expectancies similar to that of the general population, it may also contribute to the development of co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Such complications could compromise long-term quality of life, especia...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-016-0320-1
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sustained retention represents an enduring and evolving challenge to HIV treatment programs in Africa. We present a theoretical framework for sustained retention borrowing from ecologic principles of sustainability and dynamic adaptation. We posit that sustained retention from the patient perspective is dependent on t...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-016-0317-9
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV is a devastating worldwide epidemic that has had substantial social and economic impacts throughout the globe. Due to the presence of a small pool of latently infected cells that persists during antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV is not curable. Because of the high cost of ART and the lack of reliable accessibility...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-016-0304-1
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT)of HIV in resource-limited settings has recently broadened from primarily that of a prevention intervention to its identification as the key entry point into expanding access to life-saving antiretroviral therapy, additional HIV-specific medical care, and other support...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-004-0028-5
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review summarizes recent literature defining tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) and discusses implications for HIV pathogenesis, vaccines, and eradication efforts. RECENT FINDINGS:Investigations using animal models and human tissues have identified a TRM transcriptional profile and elucidated ...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-020-00481-7
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:End-stage organ disease prevalence is increasing among HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. Trial and registry data confirm that solid organ transplantation (SOT) is efficacious in this population. Optimizing access to transplant and decreasing complications represent active frontiers. RECENT FINDINGS:HI...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-019-00440-x
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this paper is to provide a thorough overview of methods used for recruitment, network data collection, and network data management in a network-based study of rural people who use drugs (PWUD) and to offer methodological recommendations for future research on rural drug use. RECENT FIN...
journal_title:Current HIV/AIDS reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11904-018-0391-2
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00