Abstract：
:This protocol describes a method for the extraction of DNA from elephant ivory. These techniques are being used to assign geographic origin to poached ivory by comparing the ivory genotype to a geographic-based gene frequency map, developed separately. The method has three components: ivory pulverization, decalcification and DNA extraction. Pulverization occurs in a freezer mill while the sample is deep frozen in liquid nitrogen, preventing degradation of DNA during the process. Decalcification involves repeated agitation of the sample in 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid over a 4-d period. Extraction follows a modified Qiagen protocol for the extraction of DNA from animal tissue. This method can be used on all forms of ivory. However, DNA recovery is highest when the outermost layer of the tusk, the cementum, is used. When applied to extract DNA from 11 samples, in duplicate, the entire protocol can be completed in 6 d, although much of this time consists of pause points that do not require effort. The protocol provides 0.8 +/- 0.11 ng microl(-1) (mean +/- s.e., n = 48) of DNA per sample.
journal_name
Nat Protocjournal_title
Nature protocolsauthors
Mailand C,Wasser SKdoi
10.1038/nprot.2007.318subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
2228-32issue
9eissn
1754-2189issn
1750-2799pii
nprot.2007.318journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Nature Protocols文献大全abstract：:In the past decade, Drosophila has emerged as an ideal model organism for studying the genetic components of sleep as well as its regulation and functions. In fruit flies, sleep can be conveniently estimated by measuring the locomotor activity of the flies using techniques and instruments adapted from the field of cir...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2012.041
更新日期：2012-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Many techniques have been developed for studying inducible gene expression, but all of them are multicomponent systems consisting of cis-acting elements at the DNA or RNA level, trans-acting regulator proteins and/or small molecules as inducers. RNA thermometers are the only known single-component regulators of gene e...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2009.112
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This protocol describes procedures for performing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy analysis by three different methods: acceptor photobleaching, sensitized emission and spectral imaging. We also discuss anisotropy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-based FRET techniques. By using the ...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2012.147
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This protocol describes a method to obtain spatially resolved proteomic maps of specific compartments within living mammalian cells. An engineered peroxidase, APEX2, is genetically targeted to a cellular region of interest. Upon the addition of hydrogen peroxide for 1 min to cells preloaded with a biotin-phenol substr...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2016.018
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The membrane-permeant fluorogenic biarsenicals FlAsH-EDT(2) and ReAsH-EDT(2) can be prepared in good yields by a straightforward two-step procedure from the inexpensive precursor dyes fluorescein and resorufin, respectively. Handling of toxic reagents such as arsenic trichloride is minimized so the synthesis can be ca...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2008.144
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This protocol describes a method for converting short single-stranded and double-stranded DNA into libraries compatible with high-throughput sequencing using Illumina technology. This method has primarily been developed to improve sequence retrieval from ancient DNA, but it is also applicable to the sequencing of shor...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2013.038
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interactions of proteins with DNA mediate many critical nuclear functions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a robust technique for studying protein-DNA interactions. Current ChIP assays, however, either require large cell numbers, which prevent their application to rare cell samples or small-tissue biopsies, or...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2008.68
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we present a protocol for the extraction of RNA from Dictyostelium discoideum. Dictyostelium is a social amoeba that undergoes a basic developmental program, and therefore analysis of RNA levels over a time course is a commonly used technique. This procedure is similar to other guanidine thiocyanate-based methods...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2007.191
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing evidence indicates that RNA G-quadruplexes have important roles in various processes such as transcription, translation, regulation of telomere length, and formation of telomeric heterochromatin. Investigation of RNA G-quadruplex structures associated with biological events is therefore essential to understand...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2017.156
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we describe a protocol for the production of frozen competent yeast cells that can be transformed with high efficiency using the lithium acetate/single-stranded carrier DNA/PEG method. This protocol allows the production of highly competent yeast cells that can be frozen and used at a later date and is especially...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2007.17
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lentiviral vectors derived from the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1 LV) are among the finest tools available today for the genetic modification of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). However, this process is largely inefficient because MDDCs show a strong resistance to HIV-1 transduction. Here w...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2011.327
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) is a two-step process for analyzing telomerase activity in cell or tissue extracts. Recent modifications of this sensitive assay include elimination of radioactivity by using a fluorescently labeled primer instead of a radiolabeled primer. In addition, the TRAP assay ...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2006.239
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this protocol we describe how to perform the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT), a validated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task that reliably and robustly activates the cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive/attention network (CFP network) within individual subjects. The MSIT can be used to (i) identi...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2006.48
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biominerals serve as critical structures of living systems and play important roles in biochemical processes. Understanding their crystallization mechanisms is therefore central to many areas of biology, biogeoscience, and biochemistry. Some biominerals, such as bone and dentin, are hierarchical nanocomposite structur...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41596-018-0027-4
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Periodontal disease (PD) is a common dental disease associated with the interaction between dysbiotic oral microbiota and host immunity. It is a prevalent disease, resulting in loss of gingival tissue, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. PD is a major form of tooth loss in the adult population. Experimen...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41596-018-0035-4
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multipotent neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) have the potential to generate a wide range of cell types including melanocytes; peripheral neurons; and smooth muscle, bone, cartilage and fat cells. This protocol describes in detail how to perform a highly efficient, lineage-specific differentiation of human pluripotent c...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2012.156
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This protocol describes a culture system in which inner-ear sensory tissue is produced from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells under chemically defined conditions. This model is amenable to basic and translational investigations into inner ear biology and regeneration. In this protocol, mouse ES cells are aggregated in 9...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2014.100
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons in cortical sensory regions receive modality-specific information through synapses that are located on their dendrites. Recently, the use of two-photon microscopy combined with whole-cell recordings has helped to identify visually evoked dendritic calcium signals in mouse visual cortical neurons in vivo. The c...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2010.169
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This protocol and the accompanying software program called LEVER (lineage editing and validation) enable quantitative automated analysis of phase-contrast time-lapse images of cultured neural stem cells. Images are captured at 5-min intervals over a period of 5-15 d as the cells proliferate and differentiate. LEVER au...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2011.422
更新日期：2011-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:This protocol presents the peptide incorporation of environment-sensitive fluorophores derived from the dimethylaminophthalimide family. The procedure utilizes anhydride precursors of 4-dimethylaminophthalimide (4-DMAP) or 6-dimethylaminonaphthalimide (6-DMN), whose syntheses are described in a related protocol from t...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2007.442
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using siRNAs to genetically manipulate immune cells is important to both basic immunological studies and therapeutic applications. However, siRNA delivery is challenging because primary immune cells are often sensitive to the delivery materials and generate immune responses. We have recently developed an amphiphilic d...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41596-020-00418-9
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a critical member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by immune cells to fight infections. On the other hand, HOCl in homeostasis causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and is linked to many diseases, including inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. Herein,...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41596-018-0041-6
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) allows the direct analysis of ordinary objects or pre-processed samples under ambient conditions. Among other applications, DESI is used to identify and record spatial distributions of lipids and drug molecules in biological tissue sections. This technique does not require sam...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2008.11
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The point mutational spectrum over nearly any 75- to 250-bp DNA sequence isolated from cells, tissues or large populations may be discovered using denaturing capillary electrophoresis (DCE). A modification of the standard DCE method that uses cycling temperature (e.g., +/-5 degrees C), CyDCE, permits optimal resolutio...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2008.79
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methods development in chromatography is a time-consuming, trial-and-error process that requires laborious experimentation. We describe a high-throughput screening (HTS) protocol for the rapid identification of chromatographic steps for protein purification from cell-free expression broths. Broths containing the prote...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2009.149
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because RNA-protein interactions have a central role in a wide array of biological processes, methods that enable a quantitative assessment of these interactions in a high-throughput manner are in great demand. Recently, we developed the high-throughput sequencing-RNA affinity profiling (HiTS-RAP) assay that couples s...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2015.074
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are self-renewing, pluripotent cells that are valuable research tools and hold promise for use in regenerative medicine. Most hES cell lines are derived from cryopreserved human embryos that were created during in vitro fertilization (IVF) and are in excess of clinical need. Embryos th...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2008.60
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-throughput transcriptional analysis has unveiled a myriad of novel RNAs. However, technical constraints in RNA sequencing library preparation and platform performance hamper the identification of rare transcripts contained within the RNA repertoire. Herein we present targeted-RNA directional sequencing (TARDIS), ...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2015.120
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) is a new and efficient method for the directed evolution of functional enzymes. It reduces the necessary molecular biological work and the screening effort drastically. It is based on a Cartesian view of the protein structure, performing iterative cycles of saturation mutagenesis...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2007.72
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The analysis of highly hydrophobic proteins is still an analytical challenge. Using a recombinant gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA)-receptor subunit as a model protein, we developed a gel-based proteomic approach for high MS/MS-peptide sequence coverage identification. Protein samples were separated by multi-dimension...
journal_title：Nature protocols
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nprot.2009.92
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
