Abstract:
:Ciliates of Euplotes species constitutively secrete pleiotropic protein pheromones, which are capable to function as prototypic autocrine growth factors as well as paracrine inducers of mating processes. This paper reports the amino acid sequence and the NMR structure of the pheromone En-6 isolated from the antarctic species Euplotes nobilii. The 63-residue En-6 polypeptide chain forms three alpha-helices in positions 18-25, 36-40 and 46-56, which are arranged in an up-down-up three-helix bundle forming the edges of a distorted trigonal pyramid. The base of the pyramid is covered by the N-terminal heptadecapeptide segment, which includes a 3(10)-turn of residues 3-6. This topology is covalently anchored by four long-range disulfide bonds. Comparison with the smaller pheromones of E. raikovi, a closely related species living in temperate waters, shows that the two-pheromone families have the same three-helix bundle architecture. It then appears that cold-adaptation of the En proteins is primarily related to increased lengths of the chain-terminal peptide segments and the surface-exposed loops connecting the regular secondary structures, and to the presence of solvent-exposed clusters of negatively charged side-chains.
journal_name
J Mol Bioljournal_title
Journal of molecular biologyauthors
Pedrini B,Placzek WJ,Koculi E,Alimenti C,LaTerza A,Luporini P,Wüthrich Kdoi
10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.046subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-09-14 00:00:00pages
277-86issue
2eissn
0022-2836issn
1089-8638pii
S0022-2836(07)00841-8journal_volume
372pub_type
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