Abstract:
:The major enzymatic activity of the ribosome is the catalysis of peptide bond formation. The active site -- the peptidyl transferase center -- is composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and interactions between rRNA and the reactants, peptidyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA, are crucial for the reaction to proceed rapidly and efficiently. Here, we describe the influence of rRNA interactions with cytidine residues in A-site substrate analogs (C-puromycin or CC-puromycin), mimicking C74 and C75 of tRNA on the reaction. Base-pairing of C75 with G2553 of 23S rRNA accelerates peptide bond formation, presumably by stabilizing the peptidyl transferase center in its productive conformation. When C74 is also present in the substrate analog, the reaction is slowed down considerably, indicating a slow step in substrate binding to the active site, which limits the reaction rate. The tRNA-rRNA interactions lead to a robust reaction that is insensitive to pH changes or base substitutions in 23S rRNA at the active site of the ribosome.
journal_name
Biol Chemjournal_title
Biological chemistryauthors
Beringer M,Rodnina MVdoi
10.1515/BC.2007.077subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-01 00:00:00pages
687-91issue
7eissn
1431-6730issn
1437-4315journal_volume
388pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Two members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, EcR (ecdysteroid receptor protein) and Usp (Ultraspiracle), heterodimerize to form a functional receptor for the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and thus enable it to coordinate morphogenetic events during insect metamorphosis. N-terminally His-tagged Usp was overexp...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.007
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Channelrhodopsin-2 is a light-gated cation channel from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It is functional in animal cells and therefore widely used for light-activated depolarization, especially in neurons. To achieve a fully functional protein, the chromophore all-trans-retinal is needed. It has not been inv...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0256
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-1 signaling is initiated by recruitment of adapter proteins and kinases to the type I interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1RI). It is modulated by accompanying redox processes at various levels, such as (auto-) phosphorylation of the IL-1RI-associated kinase IRAK, the phosphorylation of IkappaB and translocation an...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.068
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small-angle scattering (SAS) of X-rays and neutrons reveals low-resolution structures of biological macromolecules in solution. With the recent experimental and methodological advances, SAS became a unique tool for characterising biological systems. The method covers an extremely broad range of molecule sizes (from a ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.093
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reverse action of a trypsin-free elastase isolated from porcine pancreas was studied in frozen aqueous systems. Under frozen state conditions, porcine pancreatic elastase was able to catalyse peptide bond formation more effectively than in solution at room temperature. The acceptance of free amino acids as nucleop...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc (Zn2+) is the most abundant trace element in cells and is essential for a vast number of catalytic, structural, and regulatory processes. Mounting evidence indicates that like calcium (Ca2+), intracellular Zn2+ pools are redistributed for specific cellular functions. This occurs through the regulation of 24 Zn2+ ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0128
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence that apoptosis and necrosis represent only two of several possible ways for cells to die. These two types of demise can occur simultaneously in tissues or cell cultures exposed to the same stimulus, and often local metabolic conditions and the intensity of the same initial insult decide th...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.129
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bifunctional protein DCoH (dimerization cofactor of HNF-1) is a transcriptional coactivator of homeodomain proteins and a cytoplasmic enzyme. Here we report on the isolation, nucleotide sequence and genomic structure of the chicken and rat DCoH genes. They have an unusual first exon coding for a single amino acid....
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria are indispensable cellular organelles providing ATP and numerous other essential metabolites to ensure cell survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are formed as side reactions during oxidative phosphorylation or by external agents, induce molecular damage in mitochondrial proteins, lipids/membrane...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2017-0206
更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The average amount of cholesterol in the whole animal equals approximately 2100 mg/kg body weight, and 15% and 23% of this sterol in the mouse and human, respectively, is found in the central nervous system. There is no detectable uptake across the blood-brain barrier of cholesterol carried in lipoproteins in the plas...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.035
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calpain is a calcium-activated non lysosomal neutral thiol protease (EC 3.4.22.17) present in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells. Calpain is usually present as an inactive form and is activated by calcium ions and phospholipids. The ability of calpain to alter, by limited proteolysis, the activity or function of numer...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2002.079
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encompasses two classes of functionally important sequence variants: recent pathogenic mutations and ancient adaptive polymorphisms. To rapidly and cheaply evaluate both classes of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), we have developed an integrated system in which mtDNA SNVs are analyzed b...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.125
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multifunctional helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) of potyviruses contains an autoproteolytic function that, together with the protein 1 (P1) and NIa proteinase, processes the polyprotein into mature proteins. In this study, we analysed the autoproteolytic active domain of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) HC-...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2011.097
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological function of the GPI-anchored ectoenzyme aminopeptidase P (APP) is still elusive. Most researchers suppose that this enzyme inactivates biologically active peptides like bradykinin, neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) and others (Vanhoof et al., 1995). We demonstrate by immunohistology with a specific antibod...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1998.379.6.705
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological roles of the intracellular iron and redox regulatory systems are intimately linked. Iron is an essential trace element for most organisms, yet elevated cellular iron levels are a potent generator and amplifier of reactive oxygen species and redox stress. Proteins binding iron or iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cl...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2020-0237
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome c oxidase from bovine heart contains seven binding sites for ATP or ADP and three additional for ADP only, as concluded from competition equilibrium dialysis binding studies. The isolated enzyme contains bound cholate which, in contrast to bound ATP, is only slowly exchanged by ADP (or ATP). The kinetics of...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1998.379.3.335
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin (KKS-RAS) systems represent two highly regulated proteolytic systems that are involved in several physiological and pathological processes. Although their protein-protein interactions can be studied using experimental approaches, it is difficult to differentiate between direc...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.046
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The infectivity and pathogenicity of influenza virus are primarily determined by host cellular trypsin-type processing proteases which cleave the viral membrane fusion glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). Therefore the distribution of the processing protease is a major determinant of the infectious organ tropism. The comm...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.057
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hair follicle consists of a complex system of multiple tissue compartments that are clearly distinguishable by their morphology and type of differentiation. We have synthesized hair follicle-specific keratins from the companion layer (K6hf, K17) and the hair cortex (Ha1, Hb3, Hb6) in Escherichia coli. The assembly...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2002.156
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this work was to study the regulative role of the glutamate receptor found earlier in the brain mitochondria. In the present work a glutamate-dependent signaling system with similar features was detected in mitochondria of the heart. The glutamate-dependent signaling system in the heart mitochondria was...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2015-0289
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::MHC encoded DM heterodimers and classical MHC class II complexes meet in an endosomal/lysosomal compartment where DM heterodimers support peptide loading of MHC class II. Studies on peptide loading of rat class II and on peptide persistence in cells of the dendritic lineage prompted us to establish full length cDNA cl...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1997.378.9.1005
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the methylation status of the repeat unit of the human ribosomal RNA genes in lung cancer. Using a Southern blot analysis approach we have determined that the non-transcribed region of these genes was generally heavily methylated, while the transcribed region was not methylated in either tumor or ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.010
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a novel method for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of total tissue RNA and DNA to quantify the RNA and DNA oxidation products 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine using HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The protein denaturing agents guanidine thio...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2006.014
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::M.EcoRV is an alpha-adenine DNA methyltransferase. According to structure predictions, the enzyme consists of a catalytic domain, which has a structure similar to all other DNA-methyltransferases, and a smaller DNA-recognition domain. We have investigated this enzyme by random mutagenesis, using error-prone PCR, follo...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1998.379.4-5.475
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyses the irreversible reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate by the reduction of NADP to NADPH. This is in contrast to the extensively analysed phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases which catalyse the revers...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular chaperones are well known as facilitators of protein folding and assembly. However, in recent years multiple chaperone-assisted degradation pathways have also emerged, including CAP (chaperone-assisted proteasomal degradation), CASA (chaperone-assisted selective autophagy), and CMA (chaperone-mediated autoph...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2010.058
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel antifungal protein, designated chrysancorin, was isolated from seeds of Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum with a procedure involving ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue resin, ion exchange chromatography on SP-Sepharose and FPLC-gel filtration on Superd...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.118
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficient execution of apoptotic cell death with the clearance of apoptotic debris by phagocytes is a key regulatory mechanism ensuring tissue homeostasis. Failure in this execution program contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. In this review, we describe the current knowledge regarding the inter...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.048
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a lysosomal disorder caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA). This leads to the storage of the sphingolipid 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide (sulfatide) in various cell types, such as renal tubular cells. Examination of mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300)-dependent endocytosis re...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.009
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin contains three disulfide bonds, one intrachain bond, A6-A11, and two interchain bonds, A7-B7 and A20-B19. Site-directed mutagenesis results (the two cysteine residues of disulfide A7-B7 were replaced by serine) showed that disulfide A7-B7 is crucial to both the structure and activity of insulin. However, chemi...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.151
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00