Abstract:
:Nonhuman animals demonstrate a number of impressive quantitative skills such as counting sets of items, comparing sets on the basis of the number of items or amount of material, and even responding to simple arithmetic manipulations. In this experiment, capuchin monkeys were presented with a computerized task designed to assess conservation of discrete quantity. Monkeys first were trained to select from two horizontal arrays of stimuli the one with the larger number of items. On some trials, after a correct selection there was no feedback but instead an additional manipulation of one of those arrays. In some cases, this manipulation involved moving items closer together or farther apart to change the physical arrangement of the array but not the quantity of items in the array. In other cases, additional items were added to the initially smaller array so that it became quantitatively larger. Monkeys then made a second selection from the two arrays of items. Previous research had shown that rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) succeeded with this task. However, there was no condition in that study in which items were added to the smaller array without increasing its quantity to a point where it became the new larger array. This new condition was added in the present experiment. Capuchin monkeys were sensitive to all of these manipulations, changing their selections when the manipulations changed which array contained the larger number of items but not when the manipulations changed the physical arrangement of items or increased the quantity in one array without also reversing which of the two arrays had more items. Therefore, capuchin monkeys responded on the basis of the quantity of items, and they were not distracted by non-quantitative manipulations of the arrays. The data indicate that capuchins are sensitive to simply arithmetic manipulations that involve addition of items to arrays and also that they can conserve quantity.
journal_name
Anim Cognjournal_title
Animal cognitionauthors
Beran MJdoi
10.1007/s10071-007-0094-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
109-16issue
1eissn
1435-9448issn
1435-9456journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ANIMAL COGNITION文献大全abstract::Evidence from the literature indicates that dogs' choices can be influenced by human-delivered social cues, such as pointing, and pointing combined with facial expression, intonation (i.e., rising and falling voice pitch), and/or words. The present study used an object choice task to investigate whether intonation con...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-018-1163-5
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the influence of different procedures on chimpanzees' performance in object-choice tasks, five adult chimpanzees were tested using three experimenter-given cues to food location: gazing, glancing, and pointing. These cues were delivered to the subjects in an identical fashion but were deployed within the con...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-004-0235-x
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bees, wasps and ants--so-called central-place foragers--need potent homing strategies to return to their nest. Path integration and view-based landmark guidance are the key strategies for the ants' navigation. For instance, they memorise different views in a sequence (sequential memory) but also have a step counter th...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-011-0419-0
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following passive disorientation, Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) learned to search for a hidden food reward located in one corner of a rectangular-shaped enclosure that contained either identical or distinct features in each corner. Identical features allowed for explicit learning of geometric cues, wherea...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-015-0866-0
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An adult California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus) with extensive experience in performing discrimination learning tasks was tested to evaluate her long-term memory for two previously learned concepts. An associative concept, that of equivalence classification, was retested after a retention interval of approximat...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-002-0153-8
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans are characterized by complex social cognitive abilities that emerge early in development. Comparative studies of nonhuman primates can illuminate the evolutionary history of these social capacities. We examined the cognitive skills that rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) use to follow gaze, a foundational skill in...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-019-01263-4
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::All primates can recognize faces and do so by analyzing the subtle variation that exists between faces. Through a series of three experiments, we attempted to clarify the nature of second-order information processing in nonhuman primates. Experiment one showed that both chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus monkeys...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-010-0341-x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When humans process visual stimuli, global information often takes precedence over local information. In contrast, some recent studies have pointed to a local precedence effect in both pigeons and nonhuman primates. In the experiment reported here, we compared the speed of acquisition of two different categorizations ...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-003-0193-8
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats, birds or fish trained to find a reward in one corner of a small enclosure tend to learn the location of the reward using both nearby visual features and the geometric relationships of corners and walls. Because these studies are conducted under laboratory and thereby unnatural conditions, we sought to determine ...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0748-x
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hallmark of the human language faculty is the use of syntactic rules. The natural vocalizations of animals are syntactically simple, but several studies indicate that animals can detect and discriminate more complex structures in acoustic stimuli. However, how they discriminate such structures is often not clear. Us...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-012-0559-x
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many species, males and females have different reproductive roles and/or differ in their ecological niche. Since in these cases the two sexes often face different cognitive challenges, selection may promote some degree of cognitive differentiation, an issue that has received relatively little attention so far. We i...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-016-0969-2
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much recent comparative work has been devoted to exploring what nonhuman primates understand about physical causality. However, few laboratory experiments have attempted to test what nonhumans understand about what physical acts others are capable of performing. We tested seven chimpanzees' ability to predict which of...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-008-0189-5
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Very few experiments have studied the two item same/different relation in young human infants. This contrasts with an extensive animal literature. We tested young infants with two novel tasks designed specifically to provide convergent comparative measures. Each infant completed both tasks allowing an assessment of th...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-010-0330-0
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::By distinguishing the attentional cues of their mates, animals can learn what part of their environment is of potential interest. However, recognizing the attentional states of others through auditory perception appears to be difficult, since these states are generally not accompanied by ostensive signals liable to re...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0795-3
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Great apes can use multiple tools to extract food embedded in substrates and can invent new ways to exploit those resources. We tested five bonobos, five chimpanzees, and six orangutans in a task in which they had to use (and modify) a tool as a straw to drink the juice located inside a container. Experiment 1 showed ...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-010-0355-4
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The trap-tube problem is used to assess whether an individual is able to foresee the outcome of its actions. To solve the task, an animal must use a tool to push a piece of food out of a tube, which has a trap along its length. An animal may learn to avoid the trap through a rule based on associative processes, e.g. u...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-006-0061-4
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Experiment 1 each rat received two different fixed series of three trials each. The unconditioned stimulus occurred on Trial 1 of one series and on Trial 3 of the other series, all other trials being nonreinforced. Previous Pavlovian investigations have shown that rats can remember the immediately prior reward outc...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-007-0084-5
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the Piagetian framework has been used by numerous researchers to compare cognitive abilities of diverse species, the system is often criticized as implemented. I examine the various criticisms, suggest ways in which the system can be improved, and argue for the need for descriptive systems such as the Piageti...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-002-0148-5
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study tests whether the face-processing system of humans and a nonhuman primate species share characteristics that would allow for early and quick processing of socially salient stimuli: a sensitivity toward conspecific faces, a sensitivity toward highly practiced face stimuli, and an ability to generalize change...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-006-0045-4
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of animals to communicate using gaze is a rich area of research. How domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) use and respond to the gaze of humans is an area of particular interest. This study examined how three groups of domestic dogs from different populations (free-ranging dogs, pet dogs, and shelter dog...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-019-01305-x
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::While viewing faces, human adults often demonstrate a natural gaze bias towards the left visual field, that is, the right side of the viewee's face is often inspected first and for longer periods. Using a preferential looking paradigm, we demonstrate that this bias is neither uniquely human nor limited to primates, an...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-008-0199-3
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) were tested on their ability to obtain an item suspended from a string such that mutiple, repeated, coordinated beak-foot actions were required for success (e.g., Heinrich 1995). Those birds with little training in referential English requests (e.g. "I want X") succeeded, wherea...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-004-0218-y
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acquiring information about stimuli that predict danger, through either direct experience or inference from a social context, is crucial for individuals' ability to generate appropriate behaviors in response to threats. Utilizing a modified demonstrator-observer paradigm (fear conditioning by proxy) that allows for fr...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-016-1013-2
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanisms underlying gesture acquisition in primates are largely unstudied, yet heavily debated. While some studies suggest that gestural repertoires are largely innate, others emphasize that gestures emerge and are shaped in social interactions with other conspecifics. There is agreement, however, regarding the negl...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10071-018-1187-x
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The original article shows incorrect values for 'Coef. and Robust SE' under the heading. ...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s10071-018-1215-x
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of ungulates to discriminate among vegetation patches depends largely on the senses of vision, olfaction, tactility, and gustation. However, little is known about how ungulates rely on the respective senses in response to varying patch characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate how relative importance o...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-020-01422-y
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to discriminate between different quantities is widespread throughout the animal kingdom, and the underlying mechanisms of quantity discrimination are currently intensely discussed. In contrast, questions elucidating the limits of quantity estimation received rather little attention so far. Here, we examin...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-015-0884-y
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes how three individual fish, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), developed a novel behaviour and learnt to use a dorsally attached external tag to activate a self-feeder. This behaviour was repeated up to several hundred times, and over time these fish fine-tuned the behaviour and made a series of goal-...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-013-0710-3
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overmarking occurs when one individual places its scent mark directly on top of the scent mark of another individual. Although it is almost ubiquitous among terrestrial mammals, we know little about the function of overmarking. In addition, almost all studies on mammalian overmarking behaviour dealt with adult individ...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-019-01239-4
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, there is still no consensus about whether animals can ascribe mental states (Theory of Mind) to themselves and others. Showing animals can respond to cues that indicate whether another has visual access to a target or not, and that they are able to use this information as a basis for whom to rely on as an i...
journal_title:Animal cognition
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10071-017-1082-x
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00