Abstract:
:HIV-1 assembly and release are believed to occur at the plasma membrane in most host cells with the exception of primary macrophages, for which exclusive budding at late endosomes has been reported. Here, we applied a novel ultrastructural approach to assess HIV-1 budding in primary macrophages in an immunomarker-independent manner. Infected macrophages were fed with BSA-gold and stained with the membrane-impermeant dye ruthenium red to identify endosomes and the plasma membrane, respectively. Virus-filled vacuolar structures with a seemingly intracellular localization displayed intense staining with ruthenium red, but lacked endocytosed BSA-gold, defining them as plasma membrane. Moreover, HIV budding profiles were virtually excluded from gold-filled endosomes while frequently being detected on ruthenium red-positive membranes. The composition of cellular marker proteins incorporated into HIV-1 supported a plasma membrane-derived origin of the viral envelope. Thus, contrary to current opinion, the plasma membrane is the primary site of HIV-1 budding also in infected macrophages.
journal_name
PLoS Pathogjournal_title
PLoS pathogensauthors
Welsch S,Keppler OT,Habermann A,Allespach I,Krijnse-Locker J,Kräusslich HGdoi
10.1371/journal.ppat.0030036subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-01 00:00:00pages
e36issue
3eissn
1553-7366issn
1553-7374pii
06-PLPA-RA-0439R2journal_volume
3pub_type
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