Abstract：
:Genetic analysis aims to identify the variations in DNA sequence whose functional consequences produce heritable variations in phenotype. In one of the first successes of unbiased molecular genetic analysis in human disease, the Huntington's disease (HD) gene was mapped and cloned without any prior knowledge of the nature of its protein product or of the molecular defect that underlies the characteristic phenotype of the disorder. However, while the cloning of HD and recognition of its trinucleotide repeat expansion spawned a plethora of approaches to investigating HD through its distinctive neuropathology, the role for genetic strategies in HD research did not end there. The use of genetic analysis has remained a critical tool for defining the characteristics of the mechanism that triggers the pathogenic process, permitting the investigation of early events that occur long before traditionally recognized pathology. Delineation of these events can reveal molecular targets for development of therapies that prevent onset of HD. Most recently, an extension of genetic analysis to the identification of non-linked genetic variations that alter the course of HD pathogenesis has offered the promise of identifying modifier genes to reveal biological pathways active throughout the disease process and to provide valid targets for pharmacological intervention. Thus, unbiased genetic strategies have not only provided a crucial entrée into molecular investigation of HD via a root cause that was previously unsuspected, they also represent a continuing route to accelerate the ultimate goal of developing an effective treatment for HD.
journal_name
Brain Res Bulljournal_title
Brain research bulletinauthors
Gusella JF,Macdonald Mdoi
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.10.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-04-30 00:00:00pages
78-82issue
2-3eissn
0361-9230issn
1873-2747pii
S0361-9230(06)00316-9journal_volume
72pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The effect of bilateral colchicine lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) on agonist-stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis was examined in cortical slices 1, 3, or 14 months after surgery. Colchicine lesions resulted in a loss of acetylcholinesterase staining in the cortex which recovered to contro...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(91)90112-w
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the frog Rana esculenta the left dorsal habenula includes a lateral and a medial component, whereas the right dorsal habenula is only represented by one nucleus. The efferents of the habenular nuclei to the interpeduncular nucleus were herein investigated with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase tracing. Injectio...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00315-8
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A high proportion of patients who have suffered a stroke also suffer from aphasia. Approximately half of those affected will remain in this state despite intensive language therapy. Non-invasive brain stimulation allows us to directly and focally stimulate areas of the brain. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulati...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.07.005
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of amygdaloid norepinephrine depletion by 6-hydroxydopamine on changes in corticotropin releasing factor-41 (CRF-41) and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone levels, following neural stimuli were investigated. In intact animals, photic or acoustic stimulation caused CRF-41 depletion ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(96)00174-8
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:IN anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits, action potentials were elicited antidromically following electrical stimulation of optic tract terminals at the geniculate level (LGN). The conduction velocity spectrum extended from 7 m.s-1 to 34 m.s-1. The distribution of conduction velocities indicated four major modes at 10, ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(80)90207-5
更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Promoting remyelination and/or minimizing demyelination are key therapeutic strategies under investigation for diseases and injuries like multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury, stroke, and virus-induced encephalopathy. Myelination is essential for efficacious neuronal signaling. This myelination process is origi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.013
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inducing significant axon growth or regeneration after spinal cord injury has been difficult, primarily due to the poor growth supportive environment and low intrinsic growth ability of neurons within the CNS. Neurotrophins alone have been shown to readily induce regeneration of sensory axons after dorsal root lesions...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.05.013
更新日期：2011-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) colchicine (70 micrograms per rat) on systolic pressures and levels of hexokinase activity in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVH) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei were investigated in adult normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). One day after colchicine injec...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90162-7
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study was aimed at the investigation of the rat corticospinal system both functionally and anatomically using as a functional marker the immediate early gene c-fos, combined with retrograde tracing with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This was achieved by mapping c-fos induction immunocytochemically in the spinal co...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00451-6
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A continuous rhythmic discharge in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), lateral habenular nucleus, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) is associated with tremor in cats lightly anesthetized with barbiturate. The pontine raphe nuclei centralis superior and inferior also show barbiturate dependent slow wave and unitary activity....
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(76)90053-8
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In animal models of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, ethanol causes a number of changes in brain development, with many of these changes being very transient. This is especially true for the process of synaptogenesis in different brain areas. Our quantitative electron microscopic study of synaptogenesis in the molecular layer ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(88)90119-0
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in cardiothoracic surgery evokes severe brain damages. On the other hand, blood pressure stimuli discontinuation to the brain has been found to induce alterations in neurotransmitter release, including glutamate, in numerous brain regions. Furthermore, it is well established that ex...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.11.006
更新日期：2009-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:An animal with an unimpaired "reference" memory can distinguish between alternatives that belong to a rewarded set and those that are unrewarded. An animal with an unimpaired "working" memory can distinguish between alternatives where it has been rewarded (e.g., food has been eaten and not replaced) and those where it...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(81)90086-1
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is closely related to the regulation of immunological cells, and its receptor ST2 is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor family. Inflammatory responses play critical roles in neuronal damage and white matter injury (WMI) post intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, we tried to e...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.05.016
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Under standard laboratory conditions rats given access to three separate macronutrient sources compose a diet yielding 31% of their total daily calories as protein, 34% as carbohydrate, and 34% as fat. This selection pattern is dramatically altered with restored access following a 48 h fast. During the first hour of r...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(93)90305-u
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Migraine and dizziness are relatively common disorders. Patients with dizziness have a higher incidence of migraines than the general population. The discomfort experienced by these patients is often poorly controlled by medication. However, the pathophysiology of vestibular migraine (VM) remains unclear. We hypothesi...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.06.005
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To better describe the hypothalamic efferents that mediate estrogenic effects on lordosis, each of 18 ovariectomized hamsters received a 30 gauge implant of estradiol aimed at the right or left ventromedial hypothalamus (VMN). Six days later, subjects were treated with progesterone and observed for their durations of ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(89)90094-4
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparative studies on developmental gene expression suggest that the ancestral chordate central nervous system comprised anterior, midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) and posterior regions. The most anterior region consists of both forebrain and midbrain in vertebrates. It remains, however, unresolved when or how the v...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.03.013
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Pax6 is a highly conserved transcription factor essential for the development of the eyes in vertebrate and invertebrate species. It is also required for normal development of many regions of the central nervous system, including the mammalian forebrain, hindbrain and spinal cord. In the forebrain, it is expressed in ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.02.006
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Nogo, also known as Reticulon-4, is a protein that is specific to the central nervous system (CNS), and has been identified as an inhibitor of neurite outgrowth. Nogo-A is the largest member of the Nogo family and is responsible for inhibition of CNS regeneration. The structural information and biological functions of...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.02.011
更新日期：2012-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrathecal grafting of cells as biological pumps to deliver monoamines, endorphins, and/or trophic factors, has been shown to be effective in treating chronic pain both in experimental animals and in clinical trials. We have tested whether intrathecal implantation of neuroblastoma cells reduces heat hyperalgesia and ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(02)00867-5
更新日期：2002-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 1 and VGLUT2 have been reported to distribute complementally in most brain regions and have been assumed to define distinct functional elements. Previous studies have shown the expression of VGLUT1 mRNA and VGLUT2 mRNA in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), a key precerebellar ...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.008
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-unit responses of preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) thermosensitive neurons to electrical stimulation of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH: ventromedial and arcuate nuclei) have been studied in urethane-anesthetized male rats. About half of thermosensitive neurons (46.4% of 69 warm-units and 50% of 28 cold-...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(82)90095-8
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemically administered human recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) may have the potential to reduce the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of mechanical brain injury. In a series of studies we address this possibility. Previously, we studied the effects of EPO given to fimbria-fornix transected rats at the moment of inj...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.05.005
更新日期：2008-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Anxiety disorders and nicotine use are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality as independent and comorbid diseases. Early-life stress, potentially via stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) dysregulation, can exacerbate both. However, little is known about the factors that predisp...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.08.001
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is the first report of quantitative autoradiography results showing sex differences of GABAA receptor levels in brain regions of a wild rodent (wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus) living in its natural habitat. The labeling of this GABAergic site with its specific high affinity radioligand [3H] muscimol provided a h...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0361-9230(96)00034-2
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fipronil, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist, is replacing many insecticide uses formerly fulfilled by organophosphates like chlorpyrifos. Few studies have addressed the potential for fipronil to produce developmental neurotoxicity. We compared the neurotoxicity of fipronil and chlorpyrifos in undifferentiated and differen...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.09.020
更新日期：2009-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is the lysosome-mediated bulk degradation of cellular components for material recycling to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy was initially regarded as a nonselective process, however, recent evidence indicates that this process can in fact be highly selective, especially for targeting and degrading or...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.009
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Entrainment of the dominant circadian pacemaker localised to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) is mediated partially via the indirect retino-geniculo-hypothalamic projection to the SCN, which is presumed to utilise enkephalin and other neurotransmitters, to modulate circadian rhythmicity. In the present st...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00069-6
更新日期：1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary objective of this study was to determine whether pretreatment with kappa- and delta-opioid agonists potentiates naltrexone-induced suppression of water consumption following 24h of deprivation. This study also examined the temporal effects of agonist-induced antinociception using the tail-flick and hot-pla...
journal_title：Brain research bulletin
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.04.002
更新日期：2008-08-15 00:00:00
