Abstract:
:Complex interactions exist amongst the various components of the neuroendocrine system in order to maintain homeostasis, energy balance and reproductive function. These components include the hypothalamus-pituitary- adrenal and -gonadal axes, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the sympathetic nervous system and the pancreatic islets. These hormones, peptides and neurotransmitters act in concert to regulate the functions of many organs, notably the liver, muscles, kidneys, thyroid, bone, adrenal glands, adipocytes, vasculature, intestinal tract and gonads, through many intermediary pathways. Endocrine and metabolic disorders can arise from imbalance amongst numerous hormonal factors. These disturbances may be due to endogenous processes, such as increased secretion of hormones from a tumour, as well as exogenous drug administration. Drugs can cause endocrine abnormalities via different mechanisms, including direct alteration of hormone production, changes in the regulation of the hormonal axis, effects on hormonal transport, binding, and signalling, as well as similar changes to counter-regulatory hormone systems. Furthermore, drugs can affect the evaluation of endocrine parameters by causing interference with diagnostic tests. Common drug-induced endocrine and metabolic disorders include disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, electrolyte and calcium abnormalities, as well as drug-induced thyroid and gonadal disorders. An understanding of the proposed mechanisms of these drug effects and their evaluation and differential diagnosis may allow for more critical interpretation of the clinical observations associated with such disorders, better prediction of drug-induced adverse effects and better choices of and rationales for treatment.
journal_name
Drug Safjournal_title
Drug safetyauthors
Ma RC,Kong AP,Chan N,Tong PC,Chan JCdoi
10.2165/00002018-200730030-00005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
215-45issue
3eissn
0114-5916issn
1179-1942pii
3035journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
DRUG SAFETY文献大全abstract::Causality in pharmacovigilance is a difficult and time consuming exercise. This paper presents the challenges in determining causation by drug therapy. The first is that causation is complex and needs to be viewed from the context of the patient treated, rather than the drug product. Multiple causal vectors should be ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-017-0509-2
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of triple regimens, often called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), generally involving 2 nucleoside analogues and an HIV protease inhibitor, have been endorsed as the standard of care for persons with HIV initiating therapy by a number of sets of international guidelines. The widespread availabilit...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199920040-00002
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zopiclone is a cyclopyrrolone hypnosedative that is chemically unrelated to the benzodiazepines but nevertheless potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated neuronal inhibition, and has demonstrated proven efficacy and good tolerability in the treatment of insomnia over 15 years of use. Zopiclone is indicated for sho...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199921060-00003
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The nature of medication errors (MEs) and the frequency of identified or intercepted MEs are not being scrutinized in daily practice in Japan. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to clarify the epidemiology of MEs and the risk factors for non-intercepted and unidentified MEs. METHODS:The Japan Adverse D...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0458-1
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytoestrogens, plant chemicals classified as isoflavones, coumestans and lignans, display estrogen-like activity because of their structural similarity to human estrogens and exhibit high affinity binding for the estrogen receptor beta. They are common components of food items such as grains, beans, fruits and nuts. ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124090-00003
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the pattern of and the risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Hong Kong, a prospective study of acute admissions to 2 general medical wards at the Prince of Wales Hospital was undertaken. Of the 1701 admissions included in this study, 74 (4.4%) were attributed to ADRs. Sulphonylureas, nonsteroi...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-199207030-00008
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombocytopenia has been reported as an adverse reaction of numerous drugs. Vancomycin is often overlooked as a culprit but has been associated with several cases of thrombocytopenia that were not well described in the literature. A literature search was conducted to find reports of thrombocytopenia induced by vancom...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0469-y
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1007/s40264-018-0670-2
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed to women of child-bearing age. Three case series highlight the possibility of a link between NSAIDs and reversible infertility. The pharmacological target of NSAIDs is cyclo-oxygenase (COX), which catalyses the first rate-limiting step in the prod...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200225080-00001
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an age-old problem; more so since the blooming of ambulatory or day surgery centres within the last 2 decades. The aetiology of PONV is multifactorial. The incidence of PONV is usually higher in women and children than in men. PONV not only causes patient discomfort, anxiety...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199614030-00005
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The WHO World Alliance on Patient Safety is a new, all encompassing project to improve medical care. Individual patients are the focus and all countries are encouraged to develop systems in which medical error, therapeutic accidents and failures are minimised. The potential for adverse events is present at all levels ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200528050-00002
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Minocycline is an antibacterial drug used in the treatment of acne. Concern has been expressed over the possibility of severe adverse reactions to minocycline, including hepatitis. This study set out to identify and characterise reported cases of hepatotoxicity associated with the use of minocycline. METHODS...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200023040-00006
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pharmacovigilance, the monitoring of drug safety after marketing approval, highly depends on the adequate reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). To improve pharmacovigilance awareness and future ADR reporting among medical students, we developed and evaluated a student-run pharmacovigilance programme....
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0502-1
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the variety and range of pharmaceutical agents available to the medical profession continues to expand, one unavoidable effect will be an increase in drug-induced disease, including cardiovascular disorders. However, given the high rates of cardiovascular disease and prevalence of recognised cardiovascular risk fac...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730090-00005
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blinatumomab is the first-and-only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cluster of differentiation (CD) 19-directed CD3 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) immunotherapy. It is currently FDA approved for the treatment of adults and children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) and Philadelphia chromosome-n...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-018-0760-1
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhythm control in atrial fibrillation (AF) can be achieved using pharmacological therapy. Amiodarone is the most efficacious anti-arrhythmic agent; however, its use is limited due to an unfavourable safety profile, including pro-arrhythmia, thyroid, liver, skin and pulmonary complications. Dronedarone, which is struct...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-012-0012-8
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is fundamental to drug safety surveillance (pharmacovigilance); however, substantial under-reporting exists and is the main limitation of the system. Several factors could favour under-reporting. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this pilot study was to assess the e...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11319170-000000000-00000
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regular treatment with both long- and short-acting beta 2-agonists results in tolerance to their bronchoprotective effects, although the relevance of this phenomenon in terms of long term asthma control remains unclear. However, there appears to be no appreciable difference between the 2 long-active beta 2-agonists, s...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199716050-00002
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cirrhosis encompasses a range of pathophysiological changes that may alter drug disposition. Drugs that are dependent primarily on the liver for their systemic clearance are more likely to be subject to reduced elimination and subsequent accumulation. Drug accumulation may lead to excessive plasma drug concentrations ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199717010-00004
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been more than 25 years since an adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring agency was first established in China. In the past few years, the National ADR Monitoring System (NADRMS) has developed rapidly in the country. However, this system has not been reviewed in detail in the literature. Our aim was to demonstra...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0446-5
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Following reports of sudden death in patients taking medication to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), this study aimed to identify cases of death in patients prescribed stimulants and atomoxetine and to determine any association between these and sudden death. METHOD:The UK General Pract...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/11317630-000000000-00000
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A prescription event monitoring (PEM) postmarketing surveillance study was carried out to examine the safety of zafirlukast as used in general practice in England. METHODS:Exposure data were obtained from the first National Health Service (NHS) prescription dispensed for patients whose prescription details ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730050-00005
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current antiretroviral therapy has lead to longer survival in patients infected with HIV, but it is also associated with new and important problems. Body fat redistribution and metabolic abnormalities, the so-called lipodystrophy syndrome, are among the most prevalent and worrisome ones. While an increasing number of ...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124030-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Individual case reports of suspected harm from medicines are fundamental for signal detection in postmarketing surveillance. Their effective analysis requires reliable data and one challenge is report duplication. These are multiple unlinked records describing the same suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) i...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40264-014-0146-y
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complications of failure, neural injury and local anaesthetic toxicity are common to all regional anaesthesia techniques, and individual techniques are associated with specific complications. All potential candidates for regional anaesthesia should be thoroughly evaluated and informed of potential complications. I...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200124060-00002
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with metabolic abnormalities including impaired glucose metabolism, exacerbation of existing diabetes mellitus and new-onset type 2 diabetes. Not all atypical antipsychotic agents appear to have the same propensity to cause these complications. OBJECTIVE:To asses...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-200730070-00004
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insomnia is a heterogeneous, highly prevalent condition that is associated with a high level of psychiatric, physical, social and economic morbidity. The treatment of insomnia involves pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The mainstay of pharmacological treatment of insomnia has been the benzodiazepi...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200528040-00003
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Older people in the UK receive a disproportionate amount of medication. They comprise 18% of the population but receive 45% of all prescription items. Not surprisingly they experience drug-related illnesses - in 1980, 1 in 10 admissions to acute geriatric units were wholly or partly due to adverse drug reactions. Drug...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-199819040-00001
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Difficulty sleeping is a recognised tobacco withdrawal symptom, but sleep problems, like application site reactions, are commonly reported as adverse reactions to transdermal nicotine therapy. However, no studies have examined potential predictive factors associated with the occurrence of expected adverse ex...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00002018-199920060-00007
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of MedDRA, the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities, as a standardised terminology may have a major impact on the performance of risk management. Thus, MedDRA is likely to have an important effect on the analysis of clinical trial safety data. Review of the most commonly used terms in clinical...
journal_title:Drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00002018-200427080-00010
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00