Abstract:
:Lithium, the most prevalent treatment for manic-depressive illness, might have a neuroprotective effect after brain injury. In culture, lithium can exert neurotoxic effects associated with reduction in polyamine synthesis but neuroprotective effects as cultured neurons mature. Cumulative evidence suggests that lithium may exert some of its effects on neurons indirectly, by initially acting on glial cells. We used rat cerebellar cultures to ascertain the effects of lithium on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, the enzyme catalyzing the first step in polyamine synthesis, and to compare effects of lithium with those of the ODC inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on neuron survival and glial growth. Switching cultures from high (25 mM) to low (5 mM) KCl concentrations served as the traumatic neuronal insult. The results indicate the following. 1) Whereas high depolarizing KCl concentration enhances neuron survival, it inhibits astroglial growth. 2) Lithium (LiCl; 1-5 mM) enhances neuronal survival but inhibits astroglial growth. 3) Lithium treatment leads to reduced ODC activity. 4) DFMO enhances neuron survival but inhibits astroglial growth. 5) Lithium and DFMO lead to transformation of astroglia from epithelioid (flat) to process-bearing morphology and to increased numbers of microglia. 6) Combined lithium plus DFMO treatment is cytolethal to both neurons and glia in culture. In conclusion, lithium treatment results in growth retardation and altered cell morphology of cultured astroglia and increased microglia proliferation, and these effects may be associated with inhibition of polyamine synthesis. This implies that direct effects on astrocytes and microglia may contribute to the effects of lithium on neurons.
journal_name
J Neurosci Resjournal_title
Journal of neuroscience researchauthors
Gilad GM,Gilad VHdoi
10.1002/jnr.21152subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-02-15 00:00:00pages
594-601issue
3eissn
0360-4012issn
1097-4547journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Several neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines express a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism of transmitter release that can be demonstrated after loading the cells with acetylcholine during culture. In contrast, a particular cell line, the neuroblastoma N18TG-2, was found to be deficient for release. We transfected N18TG-2 cell...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960801)45:3<195::AID-JNR
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in culture rely on the supply of exogenous cysteine for their glutathione synthesis. After application of cysteine to neuron-rich primary cultures, the glutathione content was doubled after a 4-hr incubation. The dipeptide cysteinylglycine (CysGly) was able to substitute for cysteine as exogenous glutathione p...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10042
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have observed significantly lower kinetic parameters (KM and Vmax) for methionine adenosyltransferase activity in erythrocytes obtained from early onset schizophrenics when compared to samples from normal subjects. These differences are apparently not due to differences in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) utilization. Th...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490080113
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Alzheimer's disease, Aβ deposits are considered the initial cardinal events that induce tauopathy secondarily. However, the relationship between Aβ amyloidosis and tauopathy has not been determined in detail. We produced double transgenic mice, 2×TgTau(+/-) APP(+/-) , by mating Tg2576 mice that exhibit Aβ amyloidos...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22516
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with an autoimmune attack on the components of the myelin sheath and axons. The etiology of the disease remains largely unknown, but it is commonly acknowledged that the development of MS probably results from the interacti...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24023
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A low concentration of transition metal ions Co2+ and Ni2+ increases the inward current density in neurons from the land snail Helix aspersa. The currents were measured using a single electrode voltage-clamp/internal perfusion method under conditions in which the external Na+ was replaced by Tris+, the predominant ext...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490280411
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of an inflammatory response and release of cytokines such as TNF may be involved in the age-related etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). In the brain, microglia have been shown to produce a wide variety of immune mediators, including the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We hypothesiz...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.1097
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal disease caused by the selective death of motor neurons. Between 5% and 10% of ALS patients have a genetically inherited form of the disease known as familial ALS (FALS), and approximately 20% of FALS patients have mutations in the SOD1 gene. Although the m...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21902
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) is a unique glial cell able to support neurite outgrowth in the CNS throughout life. The OEC has been described as having both Schwann cell-like and astrocyte-like characteristics. The purpose of this study was to compare gap junctional communication and connexin (Cx) expression in...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.1182
更新日期:2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Increase of intracellular [Ca(2+)] evoked by action potentials in a cell can induce long-term synaptic plasticity even without concomitant presynaptic stimulation. We used optical recording of the fluorescence of a Ca(2+)-indicator Oregon Green to investigate whether differences in results obtained with modifications ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20104
更新日期:2004-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of a concentrated extract of soluble substances from the sciatic nerve upon the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) content in the soleus muscle of adult rats was examined by in vivo infusions. Internal and membrane-inserted AChR were quantitated by the specific binding of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (a-BuTX). Int...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490160307
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is the major product of the calcitonin gene in brain and exerts a number of actions in the central nervous system (CNS). In particular the finding that CGRP affects dopamine (DA) release and metabolism has raised the possibility that it may play a role in several neuropsychiatric...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19961101)46:3<316::AID-JNR
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple neurodegenerative disorders are associated with altered mitochondrial bioenergetics. Although mitochondrial O(2) consumption is frequently measured in isolated mitochondria, isolated synaptic nerve terminals (synaptosomes), or cultured cells, the absence of mature brain circuitry is a remaining limitation. He...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22650
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is induced by cerebral ischemia and injurious blood components acutely after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We hypothesized that inhibition of JNK will prevent damage to the neurovascular unit in the early brain injury period after SAH. Ninety-nine male SD rats (300-350 g) were random...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21281
更新日期:2007-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Extracts of bovine heart, rat heart, and rat skeletal muscle were chromatographically separated and the fractions tested for their ability to maintain the survival of dissociated sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory neurones. Bovine heart contained at least five, rat heart at least six, and rat skeletal muscle at...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490130303
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We here reconsider current theories of neural ensembles in the context of recent discoveries about neuronal dendritic physiology. The key physiological observation is that the dendritic plateau potential produces sustained depolarization of the cell body (amplitude 10-20 mV, duration 200-500 ms). Our central hypothesi...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.24240
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine has been reported to be neuroprotective in experimental and epidemiological studies. In addition to nicotine, tobacco and cigarette smoke contain cembranoids, which are antagonists of neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChR). Exposure of hippocampal slices to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) decreases the population s...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20666
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two fundamental questions about neuron cell culture were addressed. Can one serum-free medium that was developed for optimum growth of hippocampal neurons support the growth of neurons from other regions of the brain? Is the region specific state of differentiation maintained in culture? To answer these questions, we ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490420510
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axonal injury is often characterized by axonal transport defects and abnormal accumulation of intra-axonal components. Nitric oxide (NO) has a key role in mediating inflammatory axonopathy in many neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about how nitrosative/oxidative stress affects axonal transport or whether...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.23556
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) catalyzes oxidation of the heme molecule in concert with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase following the specific cleavage of heme into carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin, which is rapidly metabolized to bilirubin. HO1 is a stress-inducible protein that protects cells against oxidative injury, ...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10514
更新日期:2003-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Contrary to widely held beliefs, the gene encoding proteolipid protein (PLP), the major structural protein of central nervous system myelin, is expressed in Schwann cells and their tumors. Proteolipid mRNA was identified in human acoustic neuromas and in rat and rabbit sciatic nerves using a human PLP cDNA as a probe....
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490180402
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The termination of chemical neurotransmission in the CNS involves the rapid removal of neurotransmitter from synapses by specific transport systems. Such mechanism operates for the three major amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. To date, five different high-affinity Na(+...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jnr.1039
更新日期:2001-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the pathway for amyloid percursor protein (APP) catabolism has become an important line of investigation. APP is a ubiquitous membrane bound protein that is rapidly cleaved at the membrane, yielding a secreted protein identical to protease nexin II and an internalized 11.5 kDa 100 residue C terminal deri...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.490330121
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic administration of phencyclidine (PCP), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, would cause a long-lasting behavioral sensitization associated with neuronal toxicity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered PCP (20 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 5 days,...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980615)52:6<709::AID-JNR
更新日期:1998-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown in rat primary cultured mesencephalic cells that cyanide induces a high level of oxidative stress and necrotic death. To evaluate the mechanism of the cytotoxicity, the effects of cyanide on intracellular glutathione (GSH) pools and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated reactive nitr...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20998
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a novel technique to identify and study neurons that express specific mRNAs. The method is called Live FISH because it is like fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) but can be applied to living tissues. In Live FISH, molecular beacons, which fluoresce only in the presence of the complementary m...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.22191
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein gp120 causes neuronal cell death; however, the molecular mechanisms of the neurotoxic effect remain largely unresolved. It has been suggested that gp120 evokes cell death by inducing the release of neurotoxins, including glutamate. The objective of this work...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.10826
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rho-GTPase has been implicated in the apoptosis of many cell types, including neurons, but the mechanism by which it acts is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the roles of Rho and ROCK in apoptosis during transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells. We find that dissociation of neura...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.21502
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine if calpain-induced proteolysis was associated with retinal degeneration or dysfunction in the rat acute ocular hypertensive model. Acute glaucoma was produced by elevation of IOP to 120 mm Hg for 1 hr. Retinal degeneration was evaluated by H&E staining and apoptosis was deter...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jnr.20827
更新日期:2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular mechanisms which underlie the heat shock response have commonly been analyzed using tissue culture systems, with less investigation of the intact mammal. In tissue culture, a temperature elevation of 5 degrees C is required to activate mammalian heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) to the DNA-binding for...
journal_title:Journal of neuroscience research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19960401)44:1<52::AID-JNR7
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00