Abstract:
:It is now appreciated that mitochondria form tubular networks that adapt to the requirements of the cell by undergoing changes in their shape through fission and fusion. Proper mitochondrial distribution also appears to be required for ATP delivery and calcium regulation, and, in some cases, for cell development. While we now realise the great importance of mitochondria for the cell, we are only beginning to work out how these organelles undergo the drastic morphological changes that are essential for cellular function. Of the few known components involved in shaping mitochondria, some have been found to be essential to life and their gene mutations are linked to neurological disorders, while others appear to be recruited in the activation of cell death pathways. Here we review our current understanding of the functions of the main players involved in mitochondrial fission, fusion and distribution in mammalian cells.
journal_name
Biol Chemjournal_title
Biological chemistryauthors
Frazier AE,Kiu C,Stojanovski D,Hoogenraad NJ,Ryan MTdoi
10.1515/BC.2006.193subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-12-01 00:00:00pages
1551-8issue
12eissn
1431-6730issn
1437-4315journal_volume
387pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Drug-induced phospholipidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of phospholipids. Its cellular mechanism is still not well understood, but it is known that cationic amphiphilic drugs can induce it. These drugs have a hydrophilic amine head group that can be protonated in the endol...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2019-0270
更新日期:2019-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Two current hypotheses of O2 sensing in the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors suggest participation of oxygen reactive (ROS) species, but they are mechanistically opposed. One postulates that hypoxia decreases ROS levels; the other that hypoxia increases them. Yet, both propose that the ensuing alteration in the cellul...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.021
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on studies presented here and other published experiments performed with surviving tissue preparations, with transfected cells and with cells that constitutively express the human angiotensin I converting enzyme ACE and B2 receptors, we concluded the following: ACE inhibitors and other endogenous peptides that r...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.007
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::LFM-A13, or alpha-cyano-beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-N-(2,5-dibromophenyl)propenamide, was shown to inhibit Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Here we show that LFM-A13 efficiently inhibits erythropoietin (Epo)-induced phosphorylation of the erythropoietin receptor, Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) and downstream signalling molecules. ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.045
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cysteine-type peptidase cathepsin X is highly upregulated in several cancers and presumably promotes tumor invasion through bypassing cellular senescence. Here, we present first evidence that the underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, a well-known activator ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0209
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main function of the epidermis is to establish a vital multifunctional barrier between the body and its external environment. A defective epidermal barrier is one of the key features of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder that affects up to 20% of children and 2-3% of adults ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2015-0141
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its processing are widely believed to be central for the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and appear essential for neuronal development and cell homeostasis in mammals. Many studies show the proteolysis of APP by the proteases α-, β- and γ-secretase, functional aspects of th...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2013-0280
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) heterodimeric transcription factor activated by reductions in oxygen concentration (hypoxia). Activated HIF-1 upregulates expression of genes involved in the adaptation of higher organisms to hypoxic conditions, caused by e.g. high altitude, ane...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein folding is one of the fundamental processes in life and therefore needs to be tightly regulated. Many cellular quality control systems are in place to ensure that proteostasis is optimally adjusted for a changing environment, facilitating protein folding, translocation and degradation. These systems include th...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0458
更新日期:2019-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of N-glycosidic linkages of glycoproteins involves the ordered assembly of the common Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 core-oligosaccharide on the lipid carrier dolichyl pyrophosphate. Whereas early mannosylation steps occur on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum with GDP-Man as donor, the final reactions f...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.039
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are dimeric factors initiating several distinct signaling cascades by binding to two types of transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors (BRI and BRII), and are thus regulating several steps in embryonal development and adult tissue homeostasis. BMP-2 contains two symmetrical pai...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2001.149
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::92 kDa and 72 kDa gelatinases, two neutral proteinases exhibiting elastinolytic activity and secreted as zymogens by aortic smooth muscle cells, were shown to bind to insoluble elastin. The active form of each enzyme interacted with substrate more avidly than latent form. Once bound to insoluble elastin, 92 kDa progel...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1997.378.3-4.265
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large number of prostate cancer (PCa) patients receive treatment without significant benefits, strengthening the need for accurate prognosis, which can be supported by the study of miRNAs. In silico specificity analysis was performed for the identification of miRNAs able to regulate KLK2 and KLK4 expression. Total R...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0150
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Matrix metalloproteases from the cell surface cleave an 80 kDa E-cadherin fragment (sE-CAD) that induces invasion of cancer cells into collagen type I and inhibits cellular aggregation. Conditioned media from MDCKts.srcCl2 cells at 40 degrees C and 35 degrees C, PCm.src5 and COLO-16 cells at 37 degrees C contained spo...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2002.016
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional enhancers are short (200-1500 base pairs) DNA segments that are able to dramatically boost transcription from the promoter of a target gene. Originally discovered in simian virus 40 (SV40), a small DNA virus, transcription enhancers were soon also found in immunoglobulin genes and other cellular genes ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0303
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of osmolarity and compatible organic osmolytes on the phosphorylation of the MAP-kinases Erk-1 and Erk-2 and on the expression of taurine transporter (TAUT) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) was studied in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Hypoosmolarity (205 mosmol/l) but no...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/bchm.1998.379.7.867
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in blood pressure control. ACE also has effects on renal function, reproduction, hematopoiesis, and several aspects of the immune response. ACE 10/10 mice overexpress ACE in monocytic cells; macrophages from ACE 10/10 mice demonstrate increased polarization t...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2013-0295
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bromelain isoinhibitors from pineapple stem (BIs) are unique double-chain inhibitors and inhibit the cysteine proteinase bromelain competitively. The three-dimensional structure was shown to be composed of two distinct domains, each of which is formed by a three-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet. Unexpectedly, BIs wer...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2002.126
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin contains three disulfide bonds, one intrachain bond, A6-A11, and two interchain bonds, A7-B7 and A20-B19. Site-directed mutagenesis results (the two cysteine residues of disulfide A7-B7 were replaced by serine) showed that disulfide A7-B7 is crucial to both the structure and activity of insulin. However, chemi...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.151
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HB13 human myoblasts express physiological and biochemical markers associated with myoblast differentiation in non-human cell culture model systems. During differentiation, HB13 myoblasts also demonstrate fusion-related increases in cathepsin B activity and protein levels. These increases are associated with an increa...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2002.207
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disruption of the plasma membrane poses deadly threat to eukaryotic cells and survival requires a rapid membrane repair system. Recent evidence reveal various plasma membrane repair mechanisms, which are required for cells to cope with membrane lesions including membrane fusion and replacement strategies, remodeling o...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2016-0171
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host T cell activation, a key step in obtaining adaptive immunity against pathogens, is initiated by the binding of the T cell receptor to a foreign antigenic peptide presented by the major histocompatibility complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell and, consequently, formation of an immunological synapse....
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/hsz-2014-0282
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structural and functional characterization of integral membrane proteins in a bilayer environment is strongly hampered by the requirement of detergents for solubilization and subsequent purification, as detergents commonly affect their structure and/or activity. Here, we describe a rapid procedure with minimal exposur...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2015-0100
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knockout mice are the gold standard to probe for the role of a specific protease within the interacting network of proteases, substrates, and inhibitors. This proteolytic network, or protease web, determines cell signaling and organ homeostasis. Therefore, protease deficiency or inhibition is intrinsically tied to alt...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2009.015
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The infectivity and pathogenicity of influenza virus are primarily determined by host cellular trypsin-type processing proteases which cleave the viral membrane fusion glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). Therefore the distribution of the processing protease is a major determinant of the infectious organ tropism. The comm...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2004.057
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents, termed I(h), are observed in a variety of neurons. Four members of a gene family encoding hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated cation channels (HCN1-4) have been cloned. The regional expression and cellular localization of the four HCN channel types in mouse ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.1999.121
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor E2F1 plays a decisive role in the G1/S and G2/M checkpoint transitions of proliferating cells. Because cells are arrested at these checkpoints after heat shock it was of interest to test heat shock effects on E2F1 activity. In human A549 cells, heat shock (44 degrees C, 30 min) caused an immed...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2003.017
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As an important protein, UL31 has been demonstrated to play multiple roles in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication. Previous studies showed that UL31 predominantly locates in the nucleus in chemical fixed cells and live cells, however, the determining mechanisms for its nuclear translocation is not clear. In the...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/hsz-2015-0299
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of the hyaluronan-binding protease (PHBSP), a plasma enzyme with FVII- and pro-urokinase-activating potency, on components of the contact phase (kallikrein/kinin) system was investigated. No activation or cleavage of the proenzymes involved in the contact phase system was observed. The pro-cofactor high ...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1515/BC.2002.184
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms that generate NO* from nitrite in blood, stomach, saliva, urine and skin. In blood vessels, nitrite-derived NO* can provide protection via compensatory vasodilation during hypoxia, and in various body fluids it may have antibacterial activity. In the skin, nitrite-deriv...
journal_title:Biological chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1515/BC.2006.065
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00