Abstract：
:The appearance of antibody genes over evolution coincided with the origin of the vertebrates. Reptiles are of great interest in evolution since they are the link between the amphibians, birds, and mammals. This work describes the presence of a gene in the reptile leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) where phylogenetic studies suggest that it is the gene orthologue of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin X (IgX) in Xenopus. Messenger RNA samples taken from different tissues showed expression of this antibody in intestinal tissue. Data on the structure deduced from the sequence of nucleotides showed an antibody with four domains in the constant region. There is a sequence of 20 amino acids in the C terminus similar to the secretory tail of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA. A detailed analysis of the sequence of amino acids displayed a paradox, i.e., domains CH1 and CH2 showed a clear homology with domains CH1 and CH2 of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) while domains CH3 and CH4 were homologous with domains CH3 and CH4 of IgM. This homology pattern is also seen in Xenopus IgX and bird IgA. The most logical explanation for this phenomenon is that a recombination between the IgM and IgY gave rise to the IgA.
journal_name
Dev Comp Immunoljournal_title
Developmental and comparative immunologyauthors
Deza FG,Espinel CS,Beneitez JVdoi
10.1016/j.dci.2006.09.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
596-605issue
6eissn
0145-305Xissn
1879-0089pii
S0145-305X(06)00198-4journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Earthworms are able to protect themselves against invading pathogens due to efficient innate defense mechanisms. Currently, two types of antimicrobial factors including lysozyme-like molecule and factors with hemolytic activity, as well as a pattern recognition protein named coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF) have been i...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2004.01.001
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Echinoderms, an ancient and very successful phylum of marine invertebrates, play a central role in the maintenance of ecosystem integrity and are constantly exposed to environmental pressure, including: predation, changes in temperature and pH, hypoxia, pathogens, UV radiation, metals, toxicants, and emerging pollutan...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2014.11.013
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thymic non-lymphoid cells have been shown to influence the differentiation of T-lymphocytes. Large numbers of non-lymphoid cells are concentrated in the thymic medullary zone. A morphometric analysis of these cells in the medulla identified little change in their absolute number and volume density during thymic develo...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0145-305x(84)90102-2
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fusion experiments with three colonies (AC-BC-BD) by Tanaka and Watanabe indicated that the mixture of blood from two nonfusible colonies induced a "nonfusion" reaction (NFR)-like responses. Thus, artificial mixture of the blood from two nonfusible colonies is expected to result in NFR-like reactions. The present stud...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0145-305x(82)80007-4
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) and toll/interleukin 1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) are crucial adaptors of signal transduction for the signaling pathways of toll-like receptors (TLRs). TIRAP and TRIF perform an essential function in an antimicro...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2020.103991
更新日期：2021-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are close antigenic relations between the turkey IgY--the dominant 7S Ig of serum--and the corresponding IgY-like Igs of chicken, duck, goose, tortoise, and frog as well as serum or colostral IgA of man and swine. The RIA-systems used for the determination of immunological cross-reactivity among the Ig types con...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0145-305x(86)90027-3
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tick defensins are antimicrobial peptides that play a major role in the innate immunity of ticks by providing a direct antimicrobial defense. In this study, we identified and characterized a defensin-like encoding gene, HEdefensin, from the expressed sequence tags (EST) database of hemolymph from the hard tick Haemaph...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.013
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the most important cytokines involved in many processes in both vertebrate and invertebrate. In the present study, a new tumor necrosis factor with a typical TNF domain was identified in oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated CgTNF-1). CgTNF-1 shared low sequence identity and simila...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2014.03.007
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hemagglutinin was isolated from hemocytes of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, by a procedure including extraction and ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose. The molecular weight of the hemagglutinin was estimated to be 120,000 by gel filtration. It was resistant to acid treatment but sensitive to alkali or h...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0145-305x(91)90042-w
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review summarizes the scattered literature on the effects of toxicants on the external and internal innate immunity of fish. Insecticides, heavy metals and surfactants have been the most frequently examined toxicants, whereas dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls have been tested less frequently. Studies ...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0145-305x(01)00040-4
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mx proteins are antiviral GTPases, which are induced by type I IFN and virus infection. Analysis of the Atlantic salmon genome revealed the presence of 9 Mx genes localized to three chromosomes. A cluster of three Mx genes (SsaMx1 - SsaMx3), which includes previously cloned Mx genes, is present on chromosome (Chr) 12....
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2018.09.004
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trichoplusia ni immune genes up-regulated in response to bacterial infection have been isolated using differential display polymerase chain reaction. Here we report the cloning and characterisation of a gut-specific immune gene encoding an azurocidin-like protein. The deduced protein is 317 amino acid residues long wi...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0145-305x(02)00009-5
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five large multigene families encoding innate-type immune receptors that are comprised of immunoglobulin domains have been identified in bony fish, of which four do not possess definable mammalian orthologs. The members of some of the multigene families exhibit unusually extensive patterns of divergence and the indivi...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2014.02.004
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The αβ T cells are important components of the adaptive immune system and can recognize a vast array of peptides presented by MHC molecules. The ability of these T cells to recognize the complex depends on the diversity of the αβ TR, which is generated by a recombination of specific Variable, Diversity and Joining gen...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.021
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor vessels are known to be abnormal, with typically aberrant, leaky and disordered vessels. Here, we investigated whether polarized macrophage phenotypes are involved in tumor abnormal angiogenesis and what is its mechanism. We found that there was no difference in chemotaxis of polarized M1 and M2 macrophages to l...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2016.01.010
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The deep-sea hydrothermal vents are known as harsh environments, abundant in animal diversity surrounded by fluids with specific physiological and chemical composition. Bathymodiolus azoricus mussels are endemic species dwelling at hydrothermal vent sites and at distinct depth ranges. Mussels from Menez Gwen (MG), Luc...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2019.05.001
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opsonizing and agglutinating activities of plasma from the freshwater clam, Corbicula fluminea, were found to be inhibited by the sugars, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (deoxy-Glu) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). The plasma opsonin/agglutinin was subsequently isolated by a two-step separation procedure. Aldehyde-fixed rabbi...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0145-305x(90)90032-a
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While genetic evidence points towards an absence of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in Platyhelminthes, the Toll/IL-1 Receptor (TIR)-domains that drive the assembly of signalling complexes downstream TLR are present in these organisms. Here, we undertook the characterisation of the repertoire of TIR-domain containing prote...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.004
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemolymph coagulation is a first response to injury, impeding infection, and ending bleeding. Little is known about its molecular basis in insects, but clotting factors have been identified in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we have begun to study coagulation in the aquatic larvae of the malaria vector mo...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2006.12.006
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Priming in invertebrates is the acquired capacity to better combat a pathogen due to a previous exposure to sub-lethal doses of the same organism. It is proposed to be functionally analogous to immune memory in vertebrates. Previous studies with Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes provide evidence that the inhibitory respons...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2015.05.004
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ileal Peyer's patch (IPP) of young sheep is a site of diversification of the primary antibody repertoire and where involution takes place at young age. Tissue samples from the ileum were collected in 134 animals aged from 1 month to 6 years, and IPP follicle phenotypes were characterised. We describe a new type of...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2004.10.009
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The NF-kappaB group of transcription factors play an important role in mediating immune responses in organisms as diverse as insects and mammals. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster express three closely related NF-kappaB-like transcription factors: Dorsal, Dif, and Relish. To study their roles in vivo, we used micr...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2007.04.001
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marek's disease (MD) vaccines, although effective in reducing lymphoproliferation, cannot control infectious virus production in the feather follicle epithelium (FFE) which is the site of virus shedding. Therefore, we investigated Marek's disease virus (MDV) replication as well as the expression of cytokine genes in f...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2008.11.003
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was performed to identify the expression patterns of the cathelicidin genes in a local chicken breed and to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the cathelicidin peptides against pathogenic bacteria. This analysis revealed that the coding regions of CATH-1, -2, and -3 genes contain 447 bp, 465 bp, and 4...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.012
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a novel antigen recognized by mAb 2E3 selectively expressed in the periphery by a subset of porcine CD4+ T cells. Both, CD4+CD8alpha- and CD4+CD8alphalow T cell subpopulations express this antigen. CD4+2E3+ T cells show phenotypical and functional characteristics of nai;ve cells. The majority of them are C...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0145-305x(03)00137-x
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Freshwater chlamydomonad algae possess flagella surface isoagglutinins of a glycoprotein nature which are involved in gamete recognition and consequent cell fusion. Alternatively, such molecules may have a receptor role in certain Chlamydomonas species. In some freshwater volvocaines, lectin-like substances act as ind...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0145-305x(85)90002-3
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An alternative complement pathway-inhibiting protein (ACPIP), which inhibits the activation of the alternative complement pathway (ACP) of the human serum, was isolated from larval hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, by using ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatographies to homogeneity. About 400micro...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0145-305x(00)00046-x
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ammonia is a toxic by-product of amino acid catabolism and a common environmental pollutant that has been associated with increased disease susceptibility in fish although the mechanism is not well understood. We addressed the hypothesis that elevated environmental ammonia acts by impairing the acute phase response (A...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2011.04.008
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Xenopus, the type I transmembrane protein, CTX (cortical thymocyte-specific antigen of Xenopus), is hypothesized to play a role in thymocyte differentiation and/or thymic selection. The present studies were undertaken to gather additional evidence in support of a postulated association of CTX with a differentiation...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0145-305x(98)00028-7
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) includes the most polymorphic genes in vertebrates, and balancing selection has been proposed as a main evolutionary force. Here we present one of the first data sets examining the genetic characteristics of chicken MHC I BFIV molecules in four Chinese native breeds, sourced ...
journal_title：Developmental and comparative immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.dci.2016.05.004
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
