Targeting the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway for radiosensitization of breast cancer.

Abstract:

:The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is known to be activated by radiation. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is downstream of Akt, and we investigated the effects of radiation on Akt/mTOR signaling in breast cancer cell models. RAD001 (everolimus), a potent derivative of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, was used to study the effects of mTOR inhibition, as the role of mTOR inhibition in enhancing radiation remains unexplored. RAD001 decreased clonogenic cell survival in both breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, although the effect is greater in MDA-MB-231 cells. Irradiation induced Akt and mTOR signaling, and this signaling is attenuated by RAD001. The radiation-induced signaling activation is mediated by PI3K because inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 inhibited the increase in downstream mTOR signaling. Additionally, caspase-dependent apoptosis is an important mechanism of cell death when RAD001 is combined with 3 Gy radiation, as shown by induction of caspase-3 cleavage. An increase in G(2)-M cell cycle arrest was seen in the combination treatment group when compared with controls, suggesting that cell cycle arrest may have been a contributing factor in the increased radiosensitization seen in this study. We conclude that RAD001 attenuates radiation-induced prosurvival Akt/mTOR signaling and enhances the cytotoxic effects of radiation in breast cancer cell models, showing promise as a method of radiosensitization of breast cancer.

journal_name

Mol Cancer Ther

authors

Albert JM,Kim KW,Cao C,Lu B

doi

10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0400

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2006-05-01 00:00:00

pages

1183-9

issue

5

eissn

1535-7163

issn

1538-8514

pii

5/5/1183

journal_volume

5

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Interactions between PTEN and the c-Met pathway in glioblastoma and implications for therapy.

    abstract::The tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are frequently overexpressed and the tumor suppressor PTEN is often mutated in glioblastoma. Because PTEN can interact with c-Met-dependent signaling, we studied the effects of PTEN on c-Met-induced malignancy and associated molecular eve...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0627

    authors: Li Y,Guessous F,DiPierro C,Zhang Y,Mudrick T,Fuller L,Johnson E,Marcinkiewicz L,Engelhardt M,Kefas B,Schiff D,Kim J,Abounader R

    更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00

  • LncRNA CCAT1 Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation by Interacting with DDX5 and MIR-28-5P.

    abstract::Accumulated evidence indicates that CCAT1 functions as an oncogene in the progression of a variety of tumors. However, little is known as to how CCAT1 impacts tumorigenesis in human prostate cancer. In this study, we found from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center database that CCAT1 is h...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-19-0095

    authors: You Z,Liu C,Wang C,Ling Z,Wang Y,Wang Y,Zhang M,Chen S,Xu B,Guan H,Chen M

    更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00

  • Antimitotic effect of the retinoid 4-oxo-fenretinide through inhibition of tubulin polymerization: a novel mechanism of retinoid growth-inhibitory activity.

    abstract::The retinoid 4-oxo-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-oxo-4-HPR), a metabolite of fenretinide (4-HPR) present in plasma of 4-HPR-treated patients, is very effective in inducing growth inhibition and apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. 4-Oxo-4-HPR and 4-HPR have different mechanisms of action because 4-oxo-4-HPR, unl...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0798

    authors: Appierto V,Tiberio P,Cavadini E,Casalini P,Cappelletti G,Formelli F

    更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00

  • Androgen antagonist activity by the antioxidant moiety of vitamin E, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol in human prostate carcinoma cells.

    abstract::Antioxidants, such as vitamin E, are being investigated for efficacy in prostate cancer prevention. In this study, we show that the antioxidant moiety of vitamin E, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMCol), has antiandrogen activity in prostate carcinoma cells. In the presence of PMCol, the androgen-stimulated biphas...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Thompson TA,Wilding G

    更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00

  • Gamma Secretase Inhibition by BMS-906024 Enhances Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

    abstract::Notch signaling is aberrantly activated in approximately one third of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). We characterized the interaction between BMS-906024, a clinically relevant Notch gamma secretase inhibitor, and front-line chemotherapy in preclinical models of NSCLC. Chemosensitivity assays were performed on 14...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-17-0439

    authors: Morgan KM,Fischer BS,Lee FY,Shah JJ,Bertino JR,Rosenfeld J,Singh A,Khiabanian H,Pine SR

    更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • Camptothecin- and etoposide-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells is independent of cell death receptor-3 and -4 aggregation but accelerates tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated cell death.

    abstract::During camptothecin- and etoposide (VP-16)-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, the expression level of cell death receptor-3 (DR3), cell death receptor-4 (DR4), and FAS remained mostly unchanged, whereas the expression of silencers of death domain (SODD) and FLICE inhibitory proteins, inhibitors of the cell death recept...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Bergeron S,Beauchemin M,Bertrand R

    更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00

  • Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor cyclolignan picropodophyllin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in multidrug resistant osteosarcoma cell lines.

    abstract::Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is an important mediator of tumor cell survival and shows prognostic significance in sarcoma. To explore potential therapeutic strategies for interrupting signaling through this pathway, we assessed the ability of cyclolignan picropodophyllin (PPP), a member of the cyclol...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0115

    authors: Duan Z,Choy E,Harmon D,Yang C,Ryu K,Schwab J,Mankin H,Hornicek FJ

    更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00

  • Keratin down-regulation in vimentin-positive cancer cells is reversible by vimentin RNA interference, which inhibits growth and motility.

    abstract::At later stages of tumor progression, epithelial carcinogenesis is associated with transition to a mesenchymal phenotype, which may contribute to the more aggressive properties of cancer cells and may be stimulated by growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta. Previously, we fo...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0450

    authors: Paccione RJ,Miyazaki H,Patel V,Waseem A,Gutkind JS,Zehner ZE,Yeudall WA

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • Characterization of programmed cell death 4 in multiple human cancers reveals a novel enhancer of drug sensitivity.

    abstract::Programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), originally identified as an inhibitor of murine cellular transformation, inhibits protein synthesis by directly interacting with eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) of the translation initiation complex. The relevance of Pdcd4 to a broad range of human cancers derived from multiple...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Jansen AP,Camalier CE,Stark C,Colburn NH

    更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00

  • A novel antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting several antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in androgen-independent human prostate cancer PC3 cells.

    abstract::Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are associated with treatment resistance and progression in many cancers, including prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel bispecific antisense oligonucleotide targeting both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in androgen-independent...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0064

    authors: Yamanaka K,Rocchi P,Miyake H,Fazli L,Vessella B,Zangemeister-Wittke U,Gleave ME

    更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic efficacy of CEP-33779, a novel selective JAK2 inhibitor, in a mouse model of colitis-induced colorectal cancer.

    abstract::Constitutively activated STAT3 and STAT5 are expressed in a wide variety of human malignancies including solid and hematopoietic cancers and often correlate with a poor prognosis and resistance to multiple therapies. Given the well established role of STAT3 in tumorigenesis, inhibition of Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0951

    authors: Seavey MM,Lu LD,Stump KL,Wallace NH,Hockeimer W,O'Kane TM,Ruggeri BA,Dobrzanski P

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • LCL161, a SMAC-mimetic, Preferentially Radiosensitizes Human Papillomavirus-negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

    abstract::Targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) with second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics may promote cancer cell death. We tested whether cIAP1 predicts poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and whether a novel Smac-mimetic, LCL161, could radiosensitize human papi...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-18-1157

    authors: Yang L,Kumar B,Shen C,Zhao S,Blakaj D,Li T,Romito M,Teknos TN,Williams TM

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Preclinical Characterization of Linrodostat Mesylate, a Novel, Potent, and Selective Oral Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitor.

    abstract::Tumors can exploit the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) pathway to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Activated IDO1 metabolizes tryptophan into immunosuppressive kynurenine, leading to suppressed effector T-cell (Teff) proliferation, allowing for tumor escape from host immune surveillance. IDO1 inhibit...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-20-0251

    authors: Balog A,Lin TA,Maley D,Gullo-Brown J,Kandoussi EH,Zeng J,Hunt JT

    更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00

  • Antitumor impact of p14ARF on gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancers.

    abstract::Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been observed in many malignant tumors and its constitutive signal transduction facilitates the proliferation of tumors. EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib, are widely used as a molecular-targeting agent for the inactivation of EGFR signalin...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-1239

    authors: Saito K,Takigawa N,Ohtani N,Iioka H,Tomita Y,Ueda R,Fukuoka J,Kuwahara K,Ichihara E,Kiura K,Kondo E

    更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of anti-VEGF on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and tumor penetration of trastuzumab in a preclinical breast cancer model.

    abstract::Both human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/neu) and VEGF overexpression correlate with aggressive phenotypes and decreased survival among breast cancer patients. Concordantly, the combination of trastuzumab (anti-HER2) with bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) has shown promising results in preclinical xenograft studies ...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0742-T

    authors: Pastuskovas CV,Mundo EE,Williams SP,Nayak TK,Ho J,Ulufatu S,Clark S,Ross S,Cheng E,Parsons-Reponte K,Cain G,Van Hoy M,Majidy N,Bheddah S,dela Cruz Chuh J,Kozak KR,Lewin-Koh N,Nauka P,Bumbaca D,Sliwkowski M,Tibbitt

    更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00

  • Nitric oxide initiates progression of human melanoma via a feedback loop mediated by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1, which is inhibited by resveratrol.

    abstract::It is well recognized that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in tumor progression, including melanoma. Measurement of proliferative and metastatic capacity by MTS and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively, was done and showed that NO-treated melanoma cells exhibited a higher capacity compared with control, especially met...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0562

    authors: Yang Z,Yang S,Misner BJ,Chiu R,Liu F,Meyskens FL Jr

    更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00

  • Circulating Tumor Cells In Advanced Cervical Cancer: NRG Oncology-Gynecologic Oncology Group Study 240 (NCT 00803062).

    abstract::To isolate circulating tumor cells (CTC) from women with advanced cervical cancer and estimate the impact of CTCs and treatment on overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS). A total of 7.5 mL of whole blood was drawn pre-cycle 1 and 36 days post-cycle 1 from patients enrolled on Gynecologic Oncology Group 0...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-20-0276

    authors: Tewari KS,Sill MW,Monk BJ,Penson RT,Moore DH,Lankes HA,Ramondetta LM,Landrum LM,Randall LM,Oaknin A,Leitao MM,Eisenhauer EL,DiSilvestro P,Van Le L,Pearl ML,Burke JJ,Salani R,Richardson DL,Michael HE,Kindelberger DW

    更新日期:2020-08-26 00:00:00

  • Expression of the miR200 family of microRNAs in mesothelial cells suppresses the dissemination of ovarian cancer cells.

    abstract::The TGFβ-mediated alteration of the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Mesothelial cells are the primary components of the tumor microenvironment for ovarian cancer cells; however, the exact role of TGFβ-stimulated mesothelial cells in ovarian cancer progression remains uncertain. In thi...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0135

    authors: Sugiyama K,Kajiyama H,Shibata K,Yuan H,Kikkawa F,Senga T

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • Cell-penetrating TAT-FOXO3 fusion proteins induce apoptotic cell death in leukemic cells.

    abstract::FOXO proteins are Akt-regulated transcription factors involved in the control of cell cycle, DNA repair, stress defense, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. We reported that plasmid-based overexpression of constitutively active FOXO3 in cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) reduced their survival, suggesting tha...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0482

    authors: Essafi M,Baudot AD,Mouska X,Cassuto JP,Ticchioni M,Deckert M

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity of Eyes Absent Contributes to Tumor Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth.

    abstract::DNA damage repair capacity is required for cells to survive catastrophic DNA damage and proliferate under conditions of intratumoral stress. The ability of the minor histone protein H2AX to serve as a hub for the assembly of a productive DNA damage repair complex is a necessary step in preventing DNA damage-induced ce...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-18-0057

    authors: Wang Y,Pandey RN,Riffle S,Chintala H,Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA,Hegde RS

    更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00

  • MLN0128, an ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitor with potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity, as potential therapy for bone and soft-tissue sarcoma.

    abstract::The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that exists in two complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) and integrates extracellular and intracellular signals to act as a master regulator of cell growth, survival, and metabolism. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR prosurvival pathway is often dysregulated in mul...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0711

    authors: Slotkin EK,Patwardhan PP,Vasudeva SD,de Stanchina E,Tap WD,Schwartz GK

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00

  • Bortezomib induces schedule-dependent modulation of gemcitabine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in non-small cell lung cancer and blood mononuclear cells.

    abstract::Bortezomib combination with gemcitabine/cisplatin in patients with advanced tumors, predominantly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), showed an unexpected transient drop in the deoxycytidine plasma levels, a marker for gemcitabine activity. This study investigates the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic effect of bortezom...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0700

    authors: Ceresa C,Giovannetti E,Voortman J,Laan AC,Honeywell R,Giaccone G,Peters GJ

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of biomarkers for tumor endothelial cell proliferation through gene expression profiling.

    abstract::Extensive efforts are under way to identify antiangiogenic therapies for the treatment of human cancers. Many proposed therapeutics target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR/VEGF receptor-2/FLK-1), the mitogenic VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by endothelial cel...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-04-0209

    authors: Hardwick JS,Yang Y,Zhang C,Shi B,McFall R,Koury EJ,Hill SL,Dai H,Wasserman R,Phillips RL,Weinstein EJ,Kohl NE,Severino ME,Lamb JR,Sepp-Lorenzino L

    更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00

  • Camptothecin poly[n-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] copolymers in antitopoisomerase-I tumor therapy: intratumor release and antitumor efficacy.

    abstract::Soluble copolymers of camptothecin (CPT), based on poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (pHPMA), were obtained by conjugation through the degradable spacers -Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly- or -Gly-6-aminohexanoyl-Gly-. We investigated to what extent passive accumulation and retention of hydroxypropyl methacrylamide copolymer of...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Zamai M,VandeVen M,Farao M,Gratton E,Ghiglieri A,Castelli MG,Fontana E,D'Argy R,Fiorino A,Pesenti E,Suarato A,Caiolfa VR

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Efficacy of the MDM2 Inhibitor SAR405838 in Glioblastoma Is Limited by Poor Distribution Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.

    abstract::Controversy exists surrounding whether heterogeneous disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as seen in glioblastoma (GBM), leads to adequate drug delivery sufficient for efficacy in GBM. This question is especially important when using potent, targeted agents that have a poor penetration across an intact BBB. Ef...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-17-0600

    authors: Kim M,Ma DJ,Calligaris D,Zhang S,Feathers RW,Vaubel RA,Meaux I,Mladek AC,Parrish KE,Jin F,Barriere C,Debussche L,Watters J,Tian S,Decker PA,Eckel-Passow JE,Kitange GJ,Johnson AJ,Parney IF,Anastasiadis PZ,Agar NYR

    更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00

  • Targeted Inhibition of ULK1 Promotes Apoptosis and Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Neuroblastoma.

    abstract::Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in the pediatric population, accounting for over 9% of all cancer-related deaths in children. Autophagy is a cell self-protective mechanism that promotes tumor cell growth and survival, making it an attractive target for treating cancer. However, the role ...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-18-0176

    authors: Dower CM,Bhat N,Gebru MT,Chen L,Wills CA,Miller BA,Wang HG

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00

  • Growth inhibition of human cancer cells by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine does not correlate with its effects on INK4a/ARF expression or initial promoter methylation status.

    abstract::The cytotoxicity of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) has been linked to demethylation of the INK4a/ARF tumor suppressor gene locus in various cell systems, but the causality of this association remains unproven. To test this assumption, we have examined the effects of DAC in two human cancer cell lines of differing INK4a/...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0926

    authors: Xiong J,Epstein RJ

    更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00

  • Elevated Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E Is an Attractive Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma.

    abstract::eIF4E is the key regulator of protein translation and critical for translation. The oncogenic potential of tumorigenesis, which is highly contingent on cap-dependent eIF4E, also arises from the critical role in the nuclear export and cytosolic translation of oncogenic transcripts. Inhibition of Exportin1 (XPO1), which...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0798

    authors: Li S,Fu J,Lu C,Mapara MY,Raza S,Hengst U,Lentzsch S

    更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00

  • ALK inhibitor PF02341066 (crizotinib) increases sensitivity to radiation in non-small cell lung cancer expressing EML4-ALK.

    abstract::Crizotinib (PF02341066) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) that has been shown to selectively inhibit growth of cancer cells that harbor the EML4-ALK fusion found in a subset of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While in clinical trials, PF02341066 has shown a significan...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0868

    authors: Sun Y,Nowak KA,Zaorsky NG,Winchester CL,Dalal K,Giacalone NJ,Liu N,Werner-Wasik M,Wasik MA,Dicker AP,Lu B

    更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00

  • Gene expression profiles in a panel of childhood leukemia cell lines mirror critical features of the disease.

    abstract::The development of new drugs against cancer requires established cell lines. They are needed for in vitro studies to identify candidate drugs and in xenograft models to measure drug efficacy in vivo. Specific criteria need to be fulfilled by cell lines used in the evaluation of potential novel therapeutic agents. It i...

    journal_title:Molecular cancer therapeutics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Kees UR,Ford J,Watson M,Murch A,Ringńer M,Walker RL,Meltzer P

    更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00