Abstract:
:A general theory of the structure of complexes of the transition metals is developed on the basis of the enneacovalence of the metals and the requirements of the electroneutrality principle. An extra orbital may be provided through the small but not negligible amount of f and g character of spd bond orbitals, and an extra electron or electron pair may be accepted in this orbital for a single metal or a cluster to neutralize the positive electric charge resulting from the partial ionic character of the bonds with ligands, such as the carbonyl group. Examples of cluster compounds of cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, and gold are discussed.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Pauling Ldoi
10.1073/pnas.74.12.5235subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1977-12-01 00:00:00pages
5235-8issue
12eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previously we reported that proteasome inhibitors were able to overcome Bcl-2-mediated protection from apoptosis. Here we show that inhibition of the proteasome activity in Bcl-2-overexpressing cells accumulates the proapoptotic Bax protein to mitochondria/cytoplasm, where it interacts to Bcl-2 protein. This event was...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.070047997
更新日期:2000-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Although prostate cancer (CaP) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American men, the mechanisms explaining the development and progression of CaP remain largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that some aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) are involve...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0706641104
更新日期:2007-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::The anti-inflammatory activity of intravenous Ig (IVIG) results from a minor population of the pooled IgG molecules that contains terminal alpha2,6-sialic acid linkages on their Fc-linked glycans. These anti-inflammatory properties can be recapitulated with a fully recombinant preparation of appropriately sialylated I...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0810163105
更新日期:2008-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Before they even speak, infants become attuned to the sounds of the language(s) they hear, processing native phonetic contrasts more easily than nonnative ones. For example, between 6 to 8 mo and 10 to 12 mo, infants learning American English get better at distinguishing English and [l], as in "rock" vs. "lock," relat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2001844118
更新日期:2021-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Engagement of high-affinity IgE receptors leads to activation of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases and the immediate phosphorylation of receptor beta (serine and tyrosine) and gamma (threonine and tyrosine) chains. Receptor disengagement leads to dephosphorylation of beta and gamma chains via the action of undefin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10733
更新日期:1992-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mice lacking major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens were generated by mating beta 2-microglobulin-deficient, and therefore class I-deficient, animals with MHC class II-deficient animals. When housed under sterile conditions, the resulting MHC-deficient mice appear healthy, survive for many months, and breed s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.9.3913
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma gene product occurs in association with T3 (CD3) polypeptides on the surface of human T lymphocytes. TCR gamma lymphocytes express arrays of T3 polypeptides distinct from those typically observed on TCR alpha beta lymphocytes. This report demonstrates that identical T3 gamma, delta, and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.11.3817
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Met mutant of Drosophila melanogaster is highly resistant to juvenile hormone III (JH III) or its chemical analog, methoprene, an insect growth regulator. Five major mechanisms of insecticide resistance were examined in Met and susceptible Met+ flies. These two strains showed only minor differences when penetratio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.6.2072
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental question in the study of human language acquisition centers around apportioning explanatory force between the experience of the learner and the core knowledge that allows learners to represent that experience. We provide a previously unidentified kind of data identifying children's contribution to langua...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1517094113
更新日期:2016-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which cells recognize and complete replicated regions at their precise doubling point must be remarkably efficient, occurring thousands of times per cell division along the chromosomes of humans. However, this process remains poorly understood. Here we show that, in Escherichia coli, the completion of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1415025111
更新日期:2014-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Abscisic acid (ABA) is a ubiquitous phytohormone involved in many developmental processes and stress responses of plants. ABA moves within the plant, and intracellular receptors for ABA have been recently identified; however, no ABA transporter has been described to date. Here, we report the identification of the ATP-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0909222107
更新日期:2010-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclotides are plant defense peptides that have been extensively investigated for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications, but key details of their posttranslational biosynthesis have remained elusive. Asparaginyl endopeptidases are crucial in the final stage of the head-to-tail cyclization reaction, but the enzy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1901807116
更新日期:2019-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccinia virus is the prototypic orthopoxvirus and was the vaccine used to eradicate smallpox, yet the expression profiles of many of its genes remain unknown. Using a genome tiling array approach, we simultaneously measured the expression levels of all 223 annotated vaccinia virus genes during infection and determine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0711573105
更新日期:2008-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Cyber conflict is now a common and potentially dangerous occurrence. The target typically faces a strategic choice based on its ability to attribute the attack to a specific perpetrator and whether it has a viable punishment at its disposal. We present a game-theoretic model, in which the best strategic choice for the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1700442114
更新日期:2017-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::When the human cDNA, isolated on the basis of homology to the murine carbonic anhydrase (CA) "Y" was expressed in COS cells, the human CA was targeted to and processed in mitochondria, as expected for CA-V. However, tissue distribution reported for the corresponding mouse CA Y mRNA was much more limited than that repo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10330
更新日期:1994-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::When the content of cyclic AMP (cAMP) was compared in livers of a series of congenic mouse strains differing at the H-2 locus, significant variation in concentration of cAMP per unit wet weight was found among strains, and also for animals of a given strain with increasing age. For a given age, from 8 to 22 weeks, cAM...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.7.2644
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small RNAs (sRNAs) are important components of posttranscriptional regulation. These molecules are prevalent in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms, and involved in a variety of responses to environmental stresses. The functional characterization of sRNAs is challenging and requires highly focused and extensive experim...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1104318108
更新日期:2011-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::In diabetes, the death of insulin-producing beta-cells by apoptosis leads to insulin deficiency. The lower prevalence of diabetes in females suggests that female sex steroids protect from beta-cell injury. Consistent with this hypothesis, 17beta-estradiol (estradiol) manifests antidiabetic actions in humans and rodent...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602956103
更新日期:2006-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophage lambda encodes a number of genes involved in the recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The product of one of these genes, rap, has been purified. Truncated Rap proteins that copurify with the full-length form are derived, at least in part, from a rho-dependent transcription terminator locat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13507
更新日期:1998-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::The epithelial-derived cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is important for the initiation of allergic airway inflammation through a dendritic cell-mediated T helper 2 response. To identify the factors that control TSLP expression, we examined the ability of inflammatory mediators to regulate TSLP production ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0607305104
更新日期:2007-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Biochemically, the syntrophic bacteria constitute the missing link in our understanding of anaerobic flow of carbon in the biosphere. The completed genome sequence of Syntrophus aciditrophicus SB, a model fatty acid- and aromatic acid-degrading syntrophic bacterium, provides a glimpse of the composition and architectu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0610456104
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precipitation extreme changes are often assumed to scale with, or are constrained by, the change in atmospheric moisture content. Studies have generally confirmed the scaling based on moisture content for the midlatitudes but identified deviations for the tropics. In fact half of the twelve selected Intergovernmental ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0903186107
更新日期:2010-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Transcription, splicing, and translation are potentially coordinately regulatable in a temporospatial-dependent manner, although supporting experimental evidence for this notion is scarce. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a mammary gland cDNA library with human p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) as bait identified polyC-RNA-b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701065104
更新日期:2007-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::A complex between soluble dextran and human hemoglobin has been synthesized by two different methods. In the alkylation method, hemoglobin was allowed to react with bromoacetyl groups incorporated into the dextran; the yield of the complex was about 80% in terms of the hemoglobin used. In the dialdehyde method, hemogl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.6.2128
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) features deep tissue penetration, reduced tissue scattering, and diminishing tissue autofluorescence. Here, NIR-II fluorescent probes, including down-conversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and organic dyes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1521175113
更新日期:2016-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::I have determined the nucleotide sequence of the ampicillin resistance gene of pBR322, an Escherichia coli plasmid that encodes a penicillin beta-lactamase. This gene codes for a protein of 286 amino acid residues. The first 23 amino acids presumably form a signal for secretion, because they do not appear in the matur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.3737
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The turnover rates of junctional acetylcholine receptors were measured in innervated and denervated mouse sternomastoid neuromuscular junctions by 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding. First, we determined that the density of labeled toxin initially bound to the neuromuscular junction was essentially unchanged up t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.2293
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids play an important biphasic role in modulating neural plasticity; low doses enhance neural plasticity and spatial memory behavior, whereas chronic, higher doses produce inhibition. We found that 3 independent measures of mitochondrial function-mitochondrial oxidation, membrane potential, and mitochondri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0812671106
更新日期:2009-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) is an essential regulator of colonic epithelial restitution, the rapid migration of colonocytes over mucosal wounds. High levels of ITF are frequently present in colorectal cancers and derived cell lines. Mucosal restitution requires the detachment of epithelium from substrate, which wo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.2.799
更新日期:2000-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) regulates diverse physiological functions in the human body. Current studies are confined to ER-beta1, and the functional roles of isoforms 2, 4, and 5 remain unclear. Full-length ER-beta4 and -beta5 isoforms were obtained from a prostate cell line, and they exhibit differential expres...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0605676103
更新日期:2006-08-29 00:00:00