Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To provide a brief introduction to the definition and disposition to think critically along with active learning strategies to promote critical thinking. DATA SOURCES:I searched MEDLINE and Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) from 1933 to 2002 for literature related to critical thinking, the disposition to think critically, questioning, and various critical-thinking pedagogic techniques. DATA SYNTHESIS:The development of critical thinking has been the topic of many educational articles recently. Numerous instructional methods exist to promote thought and active learning in the classroom, including case studies, discussion methods, written exercises, questioning techniques, and debates. Three methods-questioning, written exercises, and discussion and debates-are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS:The definition of critical thinking, the disposition to think critically, and different teaching strategies are featured. Although not appropriate for all subject matter and classes, these learning strategies can be used and adapted to facilitate critical thinking and active participation.
journal_name
J Athl Trainjournal_title
Journal of athletic trainingauthors
Walker SEkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-07-01 00:00:00pages
263-7issue
3eissn
1062-6050issn
1938-162Xjournal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to describe the preoperative mood levels and psychological readiness levels of patients undergoing primary reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and to examine differences between adolescent and adult sports medicine patients relative to psychological readiness for ACL s...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Health care professions have replaced traditional multiple choice tests or essays with structured and practical, performance-based examinations with the hope of eliminating rater bias and measuring clinical competence. OBJECTIVE:To establish the validity and reliability of the Standardized Orthopedic Assessmen...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.12
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:With regard to intermittent training exercise, the effects of the mode of recovery on subsequent performance are equivocal. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of 3 types of recovery intervention on peak torque (PT) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the knee extensor muscles after fatiguing isokinetic inter...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-46.4.386
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Ankle sprains are the most common orthopaedic pathologic condition, and more concerning is the high percentage of persons who develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Researchers have reported that patients with CAI are restricted occupationally, have more functional limitations, and have a poorer health-relate...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-50.3.05
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Anecdotal and qualitative evidence has suggested that some clinicians face pressure from coaches and other personnel in the athletic environment to prematurely return athletes to participation after a concussion. This type of pressure potentially can result in compromised patient care. OBJECTIVE:To quantify th...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-50.6.03
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review 16 years of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) injury surveillance data for men's wrestling and identify potential areas for injury prevention initiatives. BACKGROUND:From 1988-1989 through 2003-2004, 17% of NCAA schools sponsoring varsity men's wrestling programs participated in annua...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT: The belt-stabilized handheld dynamometer (HHD) has been used to assess the strength of knee- and hip-muscle groups. However, few researchers have examined its reliability and validity for assessing the strength of these muscles. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intra-examiner reliability of the belt-stabilized HH...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-52.6.04
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT: Because of the increasing popularity of participation in Irish dance, the incidence of lower limb injuries is high among this competitive population. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of fatigue on the peak lower limb and trunk angles as well as the peak lower limb joint forces and moments of competitiv...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-52.3.12
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The comparative effects of adhesive tape and three semirigid ankle orthoses on ankle functional range of motion were studied on 11 college football athletes. Maximum plantar flexion and maximum dorsiflexion were measured under five conditions to determine functional range of motion. Testing conditions included: contro...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：ABSTRACT:Context: Considering current models that highlight the role of psychological components in pain management, mindfulness practice may be an effective strategy in the management of pain. Objective: To examine the effects of adding an eight-week mindfulness program to exercise therapy on the perceptions of pain s...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-0214.20
更新日期：2020-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:A narrow base of gait (BOG), the mediolateral distance between the foot and the body's line of gravity at midstance, during running is a suggested cause of injuries such as iliotibial band syndrome and tibial stress injury. However, an understanding of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that influence BOG is ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-565-19
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT: Restricted dorsiflexion (DF) at the ankle joint can cause acute and chronic injuries at the ankle and knee. Myofascial release and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) techniques have been used to increase range of motion (ROM); however, evidence directly comparing their effectiveness is limit...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-386-16
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Epicondylalgia is a common condition involving pain-generating structures such as tendon, neural, and chondral tissue. The current noninvasive reference standard for identifying chondral lesions is magnetic resonance imaging. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MUS) may be an inexpensive and effective alternative. OBJ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.03
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the competitive athlete, there are many causes of anterior knee pain, one of which is patellar tendinitis. Repetition of explosive movements can cause microtrauma to the tendon and its insertion, resulting in patellar tendinitis and occasional tearing, either partial or total. Due to its refractory nature, the trea...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific terms are often used to describe the pain athletes typically experience during cold treatments. It is not clear whether providing athletes with such descriptive sensory information will decrease their perceived pain during treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine if subjects' perceptions of cold...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The examination of the appropriate professional degree for preparation as an athletic trainer is of interest to the profession. Descriptive information concerning universal outcomes is needed to understand the effect of a degree change. OBJECTIVE:To obtain and compare descriptive information related to profess...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-50.1.13
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of repetitive impact forces on lacrosse helmets and increase awareness of helmet safety standards about reconditioning and recertification practices. DESIGN AND SETTING: The independent variables for this study consisted of 4 lacrosse helmets of various design: 2 contemporary helmets ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OBJECTIVE: To determine whether isotonic or isokinetic contractions produced greater electromyographic (EMG) activity per unit of work during isotonic and isokinetic knee-extension exercise. DESIGN AND SETTING: Subjects performed three 3-second maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the dominant knee extensors fo...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Supervisor support has been identified as key to the fulfillment of work-life balance for the athletic trainer (AT), yet limited literature exists on the perspectives of supervisors. OBJECTIVE:To investigate how the head AT facilitates work-life balance among staff members within the National Collegiate Athlet...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.88
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tape has traditionally been used to support the ankle during activity. More recently, commercial ankle braces have been worn as an alternative. The cumulative information on the effects of taped versus braced ankle support or interbrace comparisons is inconclusive. With few exceptions, ankle brace studies have collect...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:No consensus exists about the influence of compliance with neuromuscular training programs on reduction of the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. OBJECTIVE:To systematically review and synthesize the published literature to determine if compliance with neuromuscular training is associated with r...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-47.6.10
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To discover the theoretic constructs that confirm, disconfirm, or extend the principles and their applications appropriate for National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA)-accredited postprofessional athletic training education programs. DESIGN:Interviews at the 2003 NATA Annual Meeting & Clinical Symposia...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-44.4.378
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Recent research in the health care professions has shown that specific personal and environmental characteristics can predict burnout, which is a negative coping strategy related to stressful situations. Burnout has been shown to result in physiologic (eg, headaches, difficulty sleeping, poor appetite), psychol...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.58
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:There is plenty of information on electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) changes in senior athletes. However, a corresponding data in adolescent athletes are scarce. OBJECTIVE:To study the differences in resting ECG and BP between adolescent endurance athletes, non-endurance athletes, and non-athletes...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/78-20
更新日期：2020-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Instruction can be used to alter the biomechanical movement patterns associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of instruction through combination (self and expert) feedback or self-feedback on lower extremity kinematics during the box-drop-jump task, running-...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-48.2.09
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Throwing a baseball is a dynamic and violent act that places large magnitudes of stress on the shoulder and elbow. Specific injuries at the elbow and glenohumeral joints have been linked to several kinetic variables throughout the throwing motion. However, very little research has directly examined the relation...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.4085/1062-6040-50.1.06
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Although consensus statements and recommendations from professional organizations aim to reduce the incidence of injury or sudden death in sport, nothing is mandated at the high school level. This allows states the freedom to create and implement individual policies. An example of a recommended policy is heat a...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-51.2.09
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if Flex-all 454, as advertised, is effective as a thermal ultrasound couplant. DESIGN AND SETTING:Research design was a one-factor analysis of variance. Subjects received three (alternating order) ultrasound treatments (1 MHz at 1.5 W/cm(2) for 10 minutes) using the following couplants: 50% Flex...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OBJECTIVE: To identify the types of injuries the human brain incurs as a result of traumatic forces applied to the cranium. In athletic events and endeavors, the full spectrum of intracranial hemorrhages in various compartments, raised intracranial pressure, and diffuse nonhemorrhagic damage may be seen. In this revie...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT: An estimated 40 million school-aged children (age range = 5-18 years) participate annually in sports in the United States, generating approximately 4 million sport-related injuries and requiring 2.6 million emergency department visits at a cost of nearly $2 billion. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a ...
journal_title：Journal of athletic training
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.4085/1062-6050-173-16
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
