Abstract:
:The recently introduced choleragen-induced rat foot edema model has been employed as a bioassay for evaluating the immunogenicity of three purified preparations containing cholera exo-enterotoxin antigen, choleragen, choleragenoid, and Formalin-treated choleragen (formagen). The results indicated that choleragen evoked antitoxic immunity. Both the degree of resistance to challenge and the serum antibody levels of immunized animals were found to be related to the immunizing dose. Responses to the natural toxoid, choleragenoid, were erratic: some animals responded well and some failed to respond with either serum antibody or resistance to challenge. On the other hand, the artificially prepared toxoid, formagen, was found to be superior to the parent toxin in immunogenicity. Resistance to the choleragen-induced rat foot edema could be transferred passively by means of antibody-containing serum from previously immunized animals. Each of the antigens induced a state of hypersensitivity manifested by an immediate edematous response to challenge with either choleragen or choleragenoid. This condition, which was also passively transferable, suggests that untoward reactions should be anticipated in people receiving multiple doses of immunogens containing the cholera exo-enterotoxin antigen. Some of these observations were repeated, in a preliminary fashion, in an apparently equally suitable mouse foot edema model.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Finkelstein RA,Hollingsworth RCdoi
10.1128/IAI.1.5.468-473.1970keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1970-05-01 00:00:00pages
468-73issue
5eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Virulence of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus is in part based on the saprophytic lifestyle that this mold has evolved. A crucial function for saprophytism resides in secreted proteases that allow assimilation of proteinaceous substrates. The impact of extracellular proteolytic activities on the pathogenesis ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00425-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protective immunity in mice to the infective third-stage larvae (L3) of Strongyloides stercoralis was shown to be dependent on immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement activation, and granulocytes. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether IgG was also a protective antibody isotype and to define the spec...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.12.6835-6843.2003
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 9.5-kilobase plasmid of Yersinia pestis determines plasminogen activator, coagulase, pesticin, and pesticin immunity activities. We have mapped and cloned the loci encoding these activities and demonstrated that both plasminogen activator and coagulase were determined by the same gene, designated pla. The primary ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.10.2743-2748.1988
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Edema disease (ED) of weanling pigs is caused by an infection with Escherichia coli that produces Shiga-like toxin II variant (SLT-IIv). Pathology identical to that caused by ED can be duplicated in pigs that are injected with less than 10 ng of purified SLT-IIv per kg of body weight. Therefore, SLT-IIv was mutated to...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.2.485-490.1992
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the microbicidal peptides MCP-1 and MCP-2 in rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM), comparing rabbits pretreated with complete Freund adjuvant with untreated control animals. Levels of MCP-1 increased from 4.7 +/- 0.6 microgram/10(7) resident AM to 13.2 +/- 0.1 microgram/10(7) complete Freund adjuvant-elicited ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.33.3.775-778.1981
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A monoclonal antibody was used to characterize a 135-kDa surface-located membrane protein (Lmp1) generally present in Mycoplasma hominis strains. The monoclonal antibody, 552, was applied to identify the corresponding gene in an expression library of M. hominis PG21 DNA. The M. hominis PG21 lmp1 gene was sequenced, an...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.1.212-223.1995
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Salmonella typhimurium gene for Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase (sodA) was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli sodA sodB mutant for growth on minimal medium. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 618 bp encoding a polypeptide with 97% identity to E. coli SodA. A S. typhimurium sodA mu...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.5.1739-1744.1995
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purification of the envelope antigen of Yersinia pestis EV with passive hemagglutination activity is described. The purification procedure consisted of pancreatin digestion, chromatography on human erythrocyte stroma set on Celite, and rechromatography on Sephadex G-200. Chemical, physical, and biological properties o...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune mechanism by which hamsters acquire resistance to infection with Treponema pertenue, the causative agent of frambesia, or yaws, has not been elucidated. Serum or cells (spleen or lymph node) obtained from hamsters resistant to frambesial infection were transferred to normal syngenic recipients, who are subs...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.21.2.430-435.1978
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowledge of whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides within a relatively impermeable membrane-bound vacuole or is free within the cytoplasm within its host cell is central to an understanding of the immunobiology of this intracellular parasite but is a matter of controversy. To explore this issue, we assessed the a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.10.5800-5807.2002
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Placenta-sequestering Plasmodium falciparum involved in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) in otherwise clinically immune women expresses particular variant surface antigens (VSA(PAM)) on the surface of infected erythrocytes that differ from VSA found in parasitized nonpregnant individuals (non-PAM...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.7.4112-4118.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the most potent trigger substances for monocytes and macrophages causing secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and other inflammatory mediators. The nature of the nuclear factors involved in human TNF-alpha gene regulation is still unknown. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-k...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.63.4.1529-1534.1995
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the heat-stable enterotoxin (STh) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was produced. All four MAbs (8G7, 53-4, 11C, and SH1) bound to native STh in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to various degrees, with clone SH1 showing the best affinity. The MAbs were screen...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.1.289-294.1993
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms for acquisition of iron by Haemophilus influenzae and their role in pathogenesis are not known. Heme and nonheme sources of iron were evaluated for their effect on growth of type b and nontypable strains of H. influenzae in an iron-restricted, defined medium. All 13 strains acquired iron from heme, hemo...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.4.721-725.1988
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats kept under germfree conditions showed lower specific lysosomal enzyme activities in liver endothelial cells, but not in Kupffer cells. ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.33.2.620-622.1981
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic members of the Yersinia genus require the translocator protein LcrV for proper function of the type III secretion apparatus, which is crucial for virulence. LcrV has also been reported to play an independent immunosuppressive role via the induction of interleukin-10 (IL-10) through stimulation of Toll-like ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01644-06
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous examination of thin sections of L929 cells heavily infected with the Q fever Priscilla isolate by conventional transmission electron microscopy indicated that the rickettsiae resided within multiple vacuoles. The present study using high-voltage electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction reveale...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.10.4485-4488.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meningococcal sodC encodes periplasmic copper- and zinc-cofactored superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) which catalyzes the conversion of the superoxide radical anion to hydrogen peroxide, preventing a sequence of reactions leading to production of toxic hydroxyl free radicals. From its periplasmic location, Cu,Zn SOD was...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.1.213-217.1998
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies against Ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 4 were produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with whole-cell antigens of the U. urealyticum serotype 4 reference strain. Ten monoclonal antibodies differentiated into two groups were found: one group included five monoclonal antibodies recognizing a band in im...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.5.2253-2256.1993
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed in culture to cell extracts of different black-pigmented Bacteroides species, and their growth was monitored by determining thymidine uptake and counting cells. Of the Bacteroides species tested (B. gingivalis, B. asaccharolyticus, and B. intermedius), B. gingivalis gave the ext...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.1.201-205.1987
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans are the sole reservoir of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, an organism which undergoes a marked increase in metabolic rate after exposure to a low-molecular-weight, heat-stable component(s) of human serum. Further studies on the effect of serum on gonococcal metabolism were undertaken. Gonococcal broth (GCB) is commonly ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.50.3.738-744.1985
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro or animal models have been used to investigate the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, extrapolation to humans of results obtained with these heterologous models remains difficult. We have developed a new model for the study of H. pylori infection that uses human entire embryonic stomachs ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) constitute the majority of nosocomial UTIs and pose significant clinical challenges. Enterococcal species are among the predominant causative agents of CAUTIs. However, very little is known about the pathophysiology of Enterococcus-mediated UTIs. We optimized a mur...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00711-10
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated Bacteroides gingivalis 2561 vesicles aggregated suspensions of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii of all taxonomy clusters. Vesicles bound near A. viscosus cell walls and among its surface fibrils. Tritiated vesicles bound slightly better to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (SHA) than to SHA coated w...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.5.1618-1620.1989
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus gordonii, oral bacteria that possess Gal/GalNAc- and sialic acid-reactive lectins, respectively, were adherent to immobilized secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and two IgA1 myeloma proteins but not to two IgA2 myeloma proteins. Apparently, O-linked oligosaccharides at the hinge ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.12.5421-5424.1996
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) are major virulence factors of Clostridium difficile. These two toxins intoxicate cultured cells by similar mechanisms, and TcdB generally is more potent than TcdA in cultured cells. The exact reason for this difference is unclear. Here, we report that the cellular effects of TcdA can...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.01577-08
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::When phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) takes place on the surface of cultured human endothelial cells, the endothelial monolayers are damaged by lysosomal enzymes that are released by the PMN. Because PMN can phagocytose opsonized as well as unopsonized staphylococci on ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.6.1455-1460.1987
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies in our laboratory have indicated that naturally resistant, inbred DBA/2J mice mount a greater serum antibody response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa 19660 than susceptible C57BL/6J mice. However, the specificity of the antibody produced was not known. The present study examines the specificity and kinetics...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.59.6.1984-1990.1991
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A unique enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect soluble peptidoglycans in biological fluids. It makes use of the similar affinities of vancomycin and purified rabbit antibodies to peptidoglycan precursor sequences found in soluble peptidoglycans. This assay has been used to detect as little as 500 p...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.43.1.139-142.1984
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding a nitric oxide reductase has been identified in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The norB gene product shares significant identity with the nitric oxide reductases in Ralstonia eutropha and Synechocystis sp. and, like those organisms, the gonococcus lacks a norC homolog. The gonococcal norB gene was found to b...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.9.5241-5246.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00