Abstract:
BACKGROUND:A strong and consistent relationship has been observed between relative poverty and poor child health and wellbeing even among rich nations. This review set out to examine evidence that additional monies provided to poor or disadvantaged families may benefit children by reducing relative poverty and thereby improving children's health, well-being and educational attainment. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of direct provision of additional monies to socially or economically disadvantaged families in improving children's health, well-being and educational attainment SEARCH STRATEGY:In total 10 electronic databases were searched including the Cochrane library searched 2006 (Issue 1), Medline searched 1966 to May 2006 , Econlit searched 1969 to June 2006 and PsycINFO searched 1872 to June 2006, together with 3 libraries of working papers (MDRC, SSRN, SRDC). The general search strategy was [terms for income and financial benefits] and [paediatric terms] and [RCT filter] SELECTION CRITERIA:Studies selected provided money to relatively poor families (which included a child under the age of 18 or a pregnant woman), were randomised or quasi-randomised, measured outcomes related to child health or wellbeing and were conducted in a high income country. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Titles and abstracts identified in the search were independently assessed for eligibility by two reviewers. Data were extracted and entered into RevMan, synthesised and presented in both written and graphical form (forest plots). MAIN RESULTS:Nine trials including more than 25,000 participants were included in this review. No effect was observed on child health, measures of child mental health or emotional state. Non-significant effects favouring the intervention group were seen for child cognitive development and educational achievement, and a non-significant effect favouring controls in rates of teenage pregnancy. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:The review set out to examine the potential of financial support to poor families to improve circumstances for children. However, on the basis of current evidence we can not state unequivocally whether financial benefits delivered as an intervention are effective at improving child health or wellbeing in the short term. Our conclusions are limited by the fact that most of the studies had small effects on total household income and that while no conditions were attached to how money was spent, all studies included strict conditions for receipt of payments. We note particular concerns by some authors that sanctions and conditions (such as working hours) placed on families may increase family stress.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Lucas PJ,McIntosh K,Petticrew M,Roberts Hm,Shiell Adoi
10.1002/14651858.CD006358.pub2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-16 00:00:00pages
CD006358issue
2issn
1469-493Xpub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Breastfeeding is known to be the biological norm. Despite this, many women wean their babies because of perceived insufficient breast milk production. Mothers are sometimes advised to increase their fluid intake in the hope that this could improve breast milk production. The effect of extra fluid on human br...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008758.pub2
更新日期:2014-06-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiological evidence has suggested a link between beta(2)-agonists and increased asthma mortality. There has been much debate about possible causal links for this association, and whether regular (daily) long-acting beta(2)-agonists are safe. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this review is to assess the risk of fa...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006922.pub2
更新日期:2009-07-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vomiting caused by acute gastroenteritis is very common in children and adolescents. Treatment of vomiting in children can be problematic and the use of antiemetics remains a controversial issue. There have been concerns expressed about apparently unacceptable levels of side effects such as sedation and extr...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005506.pub2
更新日期:2006-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Urinary incontinence can affect 40-60% of people admitted to hospital after a stroke, with 25% still having problems on hospital discharge and 15% remaining incontinent at one year. OBJECTIVES:To determine the optimal methods for treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY:We ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004462.pub3
更新日期:2008-01-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Managed withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug-free treatment or as the end point of long-term substitution treatment. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of opioid antagonists in combination with minimal sedation to manage opioid withdrawal. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Central Regist...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002021.pub3
更新日期:2009-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Wilson's disease, first described by Samuel Wilson in 1912, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from mutations in the ATP7B gene. The disease develops as a consequence of copper accumulating in affected tissues. There is no gold standard for the diagnosis of Wilson's disease, which is ofte...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012267.pub2
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Combination antiretroviral therapy administered to HIV-infected individuals has been shown to improve immunologic function and delay the progression of HIV infection. However, because patient adherence to complicated combination-therapy antiretroviral regimens is difficult and because of concerns regarding c...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002037
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cystic Fibrosis is characterised by chest infection, the antibiotic treatment of which has significantly improved the outlook for people with this condition. The unusual nature of organisms that infect the chest of individuals with cystic fibrosis has restricted antibiotic choice. In particular the bacteria,...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002203
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic chronic haemolytic and pro-inflammatory disorder. With increased catabolism and deficits in energy and nutrient intake, individuals with SCD suffer multiple macro- and micro-nutritional deficiencies, including vitamin D deficiency. This is an update of a previous review...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010858.pub3
更新日期:2020-05-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, including focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). However, only about 20% of patients with FSGS experience a partial or complete remission of nephrotic syndrome despite treatment. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of di...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003233.pub2
更新日期:2008-07-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vasoactive and neuroprotective drugs such as vinpocetine are used to treat stroke in some countries. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of vinpocetine in acute ischaemic stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched February 2007), MEDLINE (1966 to February 2007)...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000480.pub2
更新日期:2008-01-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is characterised by reduced functional capacity, dyspnoea and exercise-induced hypoxia. Pulmonary rehabilitation, an intervention that includes exercise training, is beneficial for people with other chronic lung conditions; however its effects in ILD have not been well charact...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006322.pub3
更新日期:2014-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 2, 2007. The role of radiotherapy (both pelvic external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and vaginal intracavity brachytherapy (VBT)) in stage I endometrial cancer following hysterectomy remains controversial. OBJECTIVES:To assess the eff...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003916.pub3
更新日期:2012-03-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rates of injury and death caused by car crashes with teenage drivers remain high in most high-income countries. In addition to injury and death, car use includes other non-traffic risks; these may be health-related, such as physical inactivity or respiratory disease caused by air pollution, or have global si...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009438.pub2
更新日期:2020-08-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Emergency contraception (EC) is using a drug or copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) to prevent pregnancy shortly after unprotected intercourse. Several interventions are available for EC. Information on the comparative effectiveness, safety and convenience of these methods is crucial for reproductive healthc...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001324.pub4
更新日期:2012-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tonsillectomy continues to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. Despite advances in anesthetic and surgical techniques, post-tonsillectomy morbidity remains a significant clinical problem. OBJECTIVES:To assess the clinical efficacy of a single intra-operative dose of dexamethas...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003997
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bed rest used to be widely advised for women with a multiple pregnancy. OBJECTIVES:The objective was to assess the effect of bed rest in hospital for women with a multiple pregnancy for prevention of preterm birth and other fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Pre...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000110.pub2
更新日期:2010-07-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nursing homes for older people provide an environment likely to promote the acquisition and spread of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), putting residents at increased risk of colonisation and infection. It is recognised that infection control strategies are important in preventing and contro...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006354.pub2
更新日期:2008-01-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hip fracture is a major cause of morbidity in older people and its impact, both on the individual and to society, is substantial. OBJECTIVES:To examine the effects of co-ordinated multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation, compared with usual orthopaedic care, for older patients with hip fracture. SEARCH ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000106
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since our individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of supportive care and chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), published in 1995, many trials have been completed. We have carried out an updated IPD meta-analysis to assess newer regimens and determine conclusively the effect of chemotherapy...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007309.pub2
更新日期:2010-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), diagnosed mainly in children, often persist into adulthood. Adults in this group have a high rate of other psychiatric problems and functional difficulties in a number of key areas such as academic achievement, interpersonal relationships, and empl...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005041.pub2
更新日期:2014-09-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical abortion up to 63 days by vacuum aspiration or dilatation and curettage has been the method of choice since the 1960s. Medical abortion became an alternative method of first trimester pregnancy termination with the availability of prostaglandins in the early 1970s and anti-progesterones in the 1980s...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub3
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:UNAIDS estimates that 34 million people are currently living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. Currently recommended regimens for initiating HIV treatment consist of either a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI) combined with...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005481.pub3
更新日期:2013-03-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In many clinical areas, integrated care pathways are utilised as structured multidisciplinary care plans which detail essential steps in caring for patients with specific clinical problems. Particularly, care pathways for the dying have been developed as a model to improve the end-of-life care of all patient...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008006.pub2
更新日期:2010-01-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tardive dyskinesia is a disabling movement disorder associated with the prolonged use of neuroleptic medication. This review, one in a series examining the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, will cover miscellaneous treatments not covered elsewhere. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether the following interventions ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000208
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Medical professionals routinely carry out surgical hand antisepsis before undertaking invasive procedures to destroy transient micro-organisms and inhibit the growth of resident micro-organisms. Antisepsis may reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects o...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004288.pub3
更新日期:2016-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to opiate withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss and seizures. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness and safety of using an opiate compared to a sedative or non-pharmacological...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002059.pub3
更新日期:2010-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute bacterial meningitis remains a disease with high mortality rate, ranging from 10 to 30 percent, despite advances in critical care. It has been estimated that between 5 to 40 percent of all patients can suffer hearing loss. The use of corticosteroids as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of acute bacteri...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004305
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Venous thromboembolic disease has been extensively studied in surgical patients. The benefit of thromboprophylaxis is now generally accepted, but it is medical patients who make up the greater proportion of the hospital population. Medical patients differ from surgical patients with regard to their health an...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003747.pub3
更新日期:2010-02-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ischaemic heart disease including heart failure is the most common cause of death in the world, and the incidence of the condition is rapidly increasing. Heart failure is characterised by symptoms such as fatigue and breathlessness during light activity, as well as disordered breathing during sleep. In parti...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012803.pub2
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00