Statistical evidence for remnants of the primordial code in the acceptor stem of prokaryotic transfer RNA.

abstract：:The nearly neutral theory attributes most nucleotide substitution and polymorphism to genetic drift acting on weakly selected mutants, and assumes that the selection coefficients for these mutants are drawn from a continuous distribution. This means that parameter estimation can require numerical integration, and this...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Welch JJ,Eyre-Walker A,Waxman D

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The codons in four mammalian messenger RNAs (rabbit beta hemoglobin, rat pre-proinsulin, rat pre-growth hormone and human chorionic somatomammotropin) show a predominance of C and G in third nucleotide positions. The C:U ratio is about 2 to 1, and the G:A ratio is about 4 to 1. The possibility is discussed that this d...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Jukes TH

更新日期：1978-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The phylogenetic relationships among Primates (human), Artiodactyla (cow), Cetacea (whale), Carnivora (seal), and Rodentia (mouse and rat) were estimated from the inferred amino acid sequences of the mitochondrial genomes using Marsupialia (opossum), Aves (chicken), and Amphibia (Xenopus) as an outgroup. The overall e...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Cao Y,Adachi J,Janke A,Pääbo S,Hasegawa M

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Minerals may have played a significant role in chemical evolution. In the course of investigating the chemistry of phosphonoacetaldehyde (PAL), an analogue of glycolaldehyde phosphate, we have observed a striking case of catalysis by the layered hydroxide mineral hydrotalcite ([Mg2Al(OH)6][Cl.nH2O]). In neutral or mod...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： De Graaf RM,Visscher J,Xu Y,Arrhenius G,Schwartz AW

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Frugivorous and nectarivorous bats rely largely on hepatic glycogenesis and glycogenolysis for postprandial blood glucose disposal and maintenance of glucose homeostasis during short time starvation, respectively. The glycogen synthase 2 encoded by the Gys2 gene plays a critical role in liver glycogen synthesis. To te...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Qian Y,Fang T,Shen B,Zhang S

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that inorganic membranes were forerunners of organic membranes at the origin of life. Such membranes, interposed between alkaline fluid in submarine vents and the more acidic Hadean ocean, were thought to house inorganic molecular machines. H+ flowed down the pH gradient (ΔpH) from ocean to vent ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Jackson JB

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The level reached by the optimization of the polarity distances during the evolution of the genetic code was investigated. The results, although not conclusive, indicate that this optimization level is higher than the data reported in the literature. The results seem compatible with the reaching of an evolutionary min...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Di Giulio M

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All modern mammals contain a distinctive, highly repeated (> or = 50,000 members) family of long interspersed repeated DNA called the L1 (LINE 1) family. While the modern L1 families were derived from a common ancestor that predated the mammalian radiation approximately 80 million years ago, most of the members of the...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Pascale E,Liu C,Valle E,Usdin K,Furano AV

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, a new strategy for the selection of aptamers against small-molecule target was established using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the separation matrix and Zinc(II)-Protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX) as the target molecule without the immobilization step due to the absorption of ssDNA on AuNPs. The progress of the...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Li W,Luo Y,Gao T,Yang L,Wang J,Pei R

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary relationships among arthropod hemocyanins and insect hexamerins were investigated. A multiple sequence alignment of 12 hemocyanin and 31 hexamerin subunits was constructed and used for studying sequence conservation and protein phylogeny. Although hexamerins and hemocyanins belong to a highly divergen...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Burmester T,Massey HC Jr,Zakharkin SO,Benes H

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two families of high-cysteine chorion proteins in Bombyx mori are encoded in 15 tandemly arranged nonidentical gene pairs. It is assumed that this locus arose by duplication with subsequent sequence divergence. We have compared DNA sequences from two such neighboring pairs of genes in an attempt to understand the mann...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Rodakis GC,Lecanidou R,Eickbush TH

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the molecular evolution of duplicated color vision genes (LWS-1 and SWS2) within cyprinid fish, focusing on the most cavefish-rich genus--Sinocyclocheilus. Maximum likelihood-based codon substitution approaches were used to analyze the evolution of vision genes. We found that the duplicated color visio...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Li Z,Gan X,He S

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutational bias toward expansion or contraction of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is referred to as directionality of SSR evolution. In this communication, we report the mutational bias exhibited by mononucleotide SSRs occurring in the non-coding regions of several prokaryotic genomes. Our investigations revealed that...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Kumar P,Nagarajaram HA

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Runs of identical amino acids encoded by triplet repeats (homopolymers) are components of numerous proteins, yet their role is poorly understood. Large numbers of homopolymers are present in the Drosophila melanogaster mastermind (mam) protein surrounding several unique charged amino acid clusters. Comparison of mam s...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Newfeld SJ,Schmid AT,Yedvobnick B

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficiency of obtaining the correct tree by the maximum likelihood method (Felsenstein 1981) for inferring trees from DNA sequence data was compared with trees obtained by distance methods. It was shown that the maximum likelihood method is superior to distance methods in the efficiency particularly when the evolu...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Hasegawa M,Kishino H,Saitou N

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Domains are folded structures and evolutionary building blocks of protein molecules. Their three-dimensional atomic conformations, which define biological functions, can be coarse-grained into levels of a hierarchy. Here we build global dynamical models for the evolution of domains at fold and fold superfamily (FSF) l...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Tal G,Boca SM,Mittenthal J,Caetano-Anollés G

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene duplication creates a second copy of a gene either in tandem to the ancestral locus or dispersed to another chromosomal location. When the ancestral copy of a dispersed duplicate is lost from the genome, it creates the appearance that the gene was "relocated" from the ancestral locus to the derived location. Gene...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Hart MLI,Vu BL,Bolden Q,Chen KT,Oakes CL,Zoronjic L,Meisel RP

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tests for positive selection have mostly been developed to look for diversifying selection where change away from the current amino acid is often favorable. However, in many cases we are interested in directional selection where there is a shift toward specific amino acids, resulting in increased fitness in the specie...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Thiltgen G,Dos Reis M,Goldstein RA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exon-shuffling is an important mechanism accounting for the origin of many new proteins in eukaryotes. However, its role in the creation of proteins in the ancestor of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is still debatable. Excess of symmetric exons is thought to represent evidence for exon-shuffling since the exchange of exon...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Vibranovski MD,Sakabe NJ,de Oliveira RS,de Souza SJ

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pituitary prolactin, like growth hormone (GH) and several other protein hormones, shows an episodic pattern of molecular evolution in which sustained bursts of rapid change contrast with long periods of slow evolution. A period of rapid change occurred in the evolution of prolactin in primates, leading to marked seque...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Wallis OC,Mac-Kwashie AO,Makri G,Wallis M

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 6.0-kb DNA fragment from Gorilla gorilla including the 5' part of the beta-globin gene and about 4.5 kb of its upstream flanking region was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was compared to the human, chimpanzee, and macaque delta-beta intergenic region. This analysis reveals four tandemly repeated sequences (RS), ...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Perrin-Pecontal P,Gouy M,Nigon VM,Trabuchet G

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has recently been argued that living metazoans diverged over 800 million years ago, based on evidence from 22 nuclear genes for such a deep divergence between vertebrates and arthropods (Gu 1998). Two "internal" calibration points were used. However, only one fossil divergence date (the mammal-bird split) was direc...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Lee MS

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated the evolvability of an insoluble random polypeptide, RP3-34, to a soluble form through iterative mutation and selection with the aid of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) folding reporter. To assess the solubility of the polypeptides in the selected clones of each generation, the polypeptide gene...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Ito Y,Kawama T,Urabe I,Yomo T

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have revealed a major difference in the phylogenetic structure, extent of genetic diversity, and selection pressure between the surface glycoproteins and internal gene segments of avian influenza viruses (AIV) sampled from wild birds. However, what evolutionary processes are responsible for these stri...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Chen R,Holmes EC

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe the structure of a gene expressed in the salivary gland cells of the dipteran Chironomus tentans and show that it encodes 1 of the approximately 15 secretory proteins exported by the gland cells. This sp115,140 gene consists of approximately 65 copies of a 42-bp sequence in a central uninterrupted core blo...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Galli J,Lendahl U,Paulsson G,Ericsson C,Bergman T,Carlquist M,Wieslander L

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One crucial event during evolution to multicellularity was the development of either direct cell-cell contact or indirect interaction via extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. The identification of those polypeptides provides conclusive data on the phylogenetic relationship of metazoan phyla and helps us to understand...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Schütze J,Skorokhod A,Müller IM,Müller WE

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A long-standing hypothesis posits that morphological changes may be more likely to result from changes in regulation of gene expression than from changes in the protein coding sequences of genes. We have compared the expression pattern of the twisted gastrulation (tsg) gene among five Drosophila species: D. melanogast...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Mason ED,Marsh JL

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitin is remarkable for its ubiquitous distribution and its extreme protein sequence conservation. Ubiquitin genes comprise direct repeats of the ubiquitin coding unit with no spacers. The nucleotide sequences of several ubiquitin repeats from each of humans, chicken, Xenopus, Drosophila, barley, and yeast have re...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Sharp PM,Li WH

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genes encoding the olfactory receptors of the "OR37" subfamily of the mouse are characterized by special features including a clustered expression pattern, assembly in two distinct gene clusters, and highly conserved putative promoter motifs. Mining the rat and dog databases revealed that these two species possess hig...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Hoppe R,Lambert TD,Samollow PB,Breer H,Strotmann J

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we analyze the molecular evolution of the beta-esterase gene cluster in the Drosophila genus using the recently released genome sequences of 12 Drosophila species. Molecular evolution in this small cluster is noteworthy because it contains contrasting examples of the types and stages of loss of gene function. Spe...

journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution

authors： Robin C,Bardsley LM,Coppin C,Oakeshott JG

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00