Robotics: self-reproducing machines.

abstract：:Growing concern about how loss of biodiversity will affect ecosystems has stimulated numerous studies. Although most studies have assumed that species go extinct randomly, species often go extinct in order of their sensitivity to a stress that intensifies through time (such as climate change). Here we show that the co...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ives AR,Cardinale BJ

更新日期：2004-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:For a system at a temperature of absolute zero, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while quantum fluctuations prevail. These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a macroscopic phase transition in the ground state of a many-body system when the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied acro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Greiner M,Mandel O,Esslinger T,Hänsch TW,Bloch I

更新日期：2002-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Transposable elements from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are discrete DNA segments bounded by inverted or directly repeated sequences that insert into non-homologous DNA in a reaction that is independent of the general recombination functions of the host. The mechanisms proposed generally involve a staggered do...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Murphy E,Löfdahl S

更新日期：1984-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Neptune has five narrow ring arcs, spanning about 40 degrees in longitude, which are apparently confined against the rapid azimuthal and radial spreading that normally results from inter-particle collisions. A gravitational resonance based on the vertical motion of the nearby neptunian moon Galatea was proposed to exp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Namouni F,Porco C

更新日期：2002-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The rod and cone transducins are specific G proteins originally thought to be present only in photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina. Transducins convert light stimulation of photoreceptor opsins into activation of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (reviewed in refs. 5-7). A transducin-like G protein, gustducin, has ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ruiz-Avila L,McLaughlin SK,Wildman D,McKinnon PJ,Robichon A,Spickofsky N,Margolskee RF

更新日期：1995-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiplicative operations are important in sensory processing, but their biophysical implementation remains largely unknown. We investigated an identified neuron (the lobula giant movement detector, LGMD, of locusts) whose output firing rate in response to looming visual stimuli has been described by two models, one o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gabbiani F,Krapp HG,Koch C,Laurent G

更新日期：2002-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Binocular coordination of eye movements is essential for stereopsis (depth perception) and to prevent double vision. More than a century ago, Hering and Helmholtz debated the neural basis of binocular coordination. Helmholtz believed that each eye is controlled independently and that binocular coordination is learned....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhou W,King WM

更新日期：1998-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic analysis of eukaryotic transcriptional promoters has revealed that protein-coding genes often contain a complex array of cis-control elements consisting of upstream activator sequences and enhancer elements. The metallothionein genes provide a useful example for dissecting the action of multiple interspersed c...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lee W,Haslinger A,Karin M,Tjian R

更新日期：1987-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The process of DNA recognition by the activated form of the restriction endonuclease from E. coli K involves three enzyme-DNA complexes which can be differentiated experimentally. These are: an initial complex formed at a nonspecific site; a recognition complex involving the host specificity site; and a cleavage compl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yuan R,Bickle TA,Ebbers W,Brack C

更新日期：1975-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of a local chromatin topology conducive to transcription is a key step in gene regulation. The yeast SWI/SNF complex is the founding member of a family of ATP-dependent remodelling activities capable of altering chromatin structure both in vitro and in vivo. Despite its importance, the pathway by which ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Whitehouse I,Flaus A,Cairns BR,White MF,Workman JL,Owen-Hughes T

更新日期：1999-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptosporidium species cause acute gastroenteritis and diarrhoea worldwide. They are members of the Apicomplexa--protozoan pathogens that invade host cells by using a specialized apical complex and are usually transmitted by an invertebrate vector or intermediate host. In contrast to other Apicomplexans, Cryptosporid...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Xu P,Widmer G,Wang Y,Ozaki LS,Alves JM,Serrano MG,Puiu D,Manque P,Akiyoshi D,Mackey AJ,Pearson WR,Dear PH,Bankier AT,Peterson DL,Abrahamsen MS,Kapur V,Tzipori S,Buck GA

更新日期：2004-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:To cause diseases in plants, pathogenic microorganisms have evolved mechanisms to deliver proteins directly into plant cells, where they suppress plant defences and facilitate tissue invasion. How plant pathogenic fungi, which cause many of the world's most serious plant diseases, deliver proteins during plant infecti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gilbert MJ,Thornton CR,Wakley GE,Talbot NJ

更新日期：2006-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibin is a hypophysiotropic hormone which selectively suppresses the secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone. It has been isolated from gonadal fluids and characterized as a protein heterodimer consisting of an alpha subunit and one of two beta subunits (beta A or beta B). FSH-releasing protein (FRP), al...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yu J,Shao LE,Lemas V,Yu AL,Vaughan J,Rivier J,Vale W

更新日期：1987-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Many natural products that contain basic nitrogen atoms--for example alkaloids like morphine and quinine-have the potential to treat a broad range of human diseases. However, the presence of a nitrogen atom in a target molecule can complicate its chemical synthesis because of the basicity of nitrogen atoms and their s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mercado-Marin EV,Garcia-Reynaga P,Romminger S,Pimenta EF,Romney DK,Lodewyk MW,Williams DE,Andersen RJ,Miller SJ,Tantillo DJ,Berlinck RGS,Sarpong R

更新日期：2014-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Woolston C

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Holliday junctions (HJs) are key intermediates in homologous recombination and are especially important for the production of crossover recombinants. Bacterial RecA family proteins promote the formation and branch migration of HJs in vitro by catalysing a reciprocal DNA-strand exchange reaction between two duplex DNA ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Murayama Y,Kurokawa Y,Mayanagi K,Iwasaki H

更新日期：2008-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Epithelial organs undergo steady-state turnover throughout adult life, with old cells being continually replaced by the progeny of stem cell divisions. To avoid hyperplasia or atrophy, organ turnover demands strict equilibration of cell production and loss. However, the mechanistic basis of this equilibrium is unknown...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liang J,Balachandra S,Ngo S,O'Brien LE

更新日期：2017-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The domestication of dogs was an important episode in the development of human civilization. The precise timing and location of this event is debated and little is known about the genetic changes that accompanied the transformation of ancient wolves into domestic dogs. Here we conduct whole-genome resequencing of dogs...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Axelsson E,Ratnakumar A,Arendt ML,Maqbool K,Webster MT,Perloski M,Liberg O,Arnemo JM,Hedhammar A,Lindblad-Toh K

更新日期：2013-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-propagating beta-sheet-rich protein aggregates are implicated in a wide range of protein-misfolding phenomena, including amyloid diseases and prion-based inheritance. Two properties have emerged as common features of amyloids. Amyloid formation is ubiquitous: many unrelated proteins form such aggregates and even ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chien P,DePace AH,Collins SR,Weissman JS

更新日期：2003-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell lines established from individuals infected with human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV) or generated by co-cultivation of normal human T cells with HTLV-infected T-cells, express class II (HLA-D/DR or Ia) antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors. Because the express...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Suciu-Foca N,Rubinstein P,Popovic M,Gallo RC,King DW

更新日期：1984-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoic acid is a vitamin A derivative with striking effects on development and cell differentiation. Several nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), acting as ligand-inducible transcription factors, have been characterized and indirect evidence suggests that they have distinct roles. One of the most intriguing prope...

journal_title：Nature

authors： de Thé H,Chomienne C,Lanotte M,Degos L,Dejean A

更新日期：1990-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Many tissues including blood, skin, gut and germ cells are continuously maintained by tissue stem cells. Under certain conditions, however, other organs can undergo repair using stem-cell-like progenitors generated by cell de-differentiation. Cell fates have been broadened experimentally, but mechanisms allowing de-di...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kai T,Spradling A

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to differentiate stimuli predicting positive or negative outcomes is critical for survival, and perturbations of emotional processing underlie many psychiatric disease states. Synaptic plasticity in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) mediates the acquisition of associative memories, both positive and n...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Namburi P,Beyeler A,Yorozu S,Calhoon GG,Halbert SA,Wichmann R,Holden SS,Mertens KL,Anahtar M,Felix-Ortiz AC,Wickersham IR,Gray JM,Tye KM

更新日期：2015-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The stable isotope ratios of atmospheric CO(2) ((18)O/(16)O and (13)C/(12)C) have been monitored since 1977 to improve our understanding of the global carbon cycle, because biosphere-atmosphere exchange fluxes affect the different atomic masses in a measurable way. Interpreting the (18)O/(16)O variability has proved d...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Welp LR,Keeling RF,Meijer HA,Bollenbacher AF,Piper SC,Yoshimura K,Francey RJ,Allison CE,Wahlen M

更新日期：2011-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Microtubules have a central role in eukaryotic cell polarity, in part through interactions between microtubule end-binding proteins and the cell cortex. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, microtubules and the polarity modulator tea1p maintain cylindrical cell shape and strictly antipodal cell growth. The ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Snaith HA,Sawin KE

更新日期：2003-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Letter, the statement 'I.I. and A.B. performed computations at the NCI Australia' was missing from the Acknowledgements section. This has been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sainadh US,Xu H,Wang X,Atia-Tul-Noor A,Wallace WC,Douguet N,Bray A,Ivanov I,Bartschat K,Kheifets A,Sang RT,Litvinyuk IV

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting of proteins to appropriate subcellular compartments is a crucial process in all living cells. Secretory and membrane proteins usually contain an amino-terminal signal peptide, which is recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP) when nascent polypeptide chains emerge from the ribosome. The SRP-riboso...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Janda CY,Li J,Oubridge C,Hernández H,Robinson CV,Nagai K

更新日期：2010-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons in the visual cortex typically respond selectively to the orientation, and velocity and direction of movement, of moving-bar stimuli. These responses are generally thought to provide information about the orientation and position of lines and edges in the visual field. Some cells are also endstopped, that is s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dobbins A,Zucker SW,Cynader MS

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A connection between thunderstorms and the ionosphere has been hypothesized since the mid-1920s. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this connection, and evidence from modelling as well as various types of measurements demonstrate that lightning can interact with the lower ionosphere. It has been proposed...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Davis CJ,Johnson CG

更新日期：2005-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and reduced greenhouse gas concentrations during the Last Glacial Maximum fundamentally altered global ocean-atmosphere climate dynamics. Model simulations and palaeoclimate records suggest that glacial boundary conditions affected the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jones TR,Roberts WHG,Steig EJ,Cuffey KM,Markle BR,White JWC

更新日期：2018-02-15 00:00:00