Abstract:
:Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive chronic anxiety in association with many somatic symptoms. The disorder has pervasive effects on quality of life, including work, social and educational aspects and requires long-term therapy. Available studies in patients are the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition-revised and fourth edition, which have defined generalized anxiety disorder and demonstrate the efficacy of benzodiazepines, azapirones, some antidepressants and psychotherapy. Benzodiazepines are effective anxiolytics for short-term use but are accompanied by many adverse events. The antidepressants, paroxetine and venlafaxine (Efexor), have demonstrated efficacy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder with mild side-effect profiles. They have the additional benefit of efficacy in depression, which frequently occurs comorbidly in these patients. Long-term efficacy has been shown with venlafaxine in the treatment of this chronic condition, confirming that as in depression, the goal must not just be remission beyond simple symptom resolution but also on to improved functioning and quality of life. Psychotherapy with applied relaxation, cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy show the most promise in resolving and maintaining treatment gains in the long-term. These approaches may be useful alone or in combination with adjunctive pharmacotherapy to achieve remission. Based on current evidence, the recommended approach to achieving long-term benefits for patients with generalized anxiety disorder is antidepressant therapy with paroxetine or venlafaxine in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy.
journal_name
Expert Rev Neurotherjournal_title
Expert review of neurotherapeuticsauthors
Struzik L,Vermani M,Coonerty-Femiano A,Katzman MAdoi
10.1586/14737175.4.2.285keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-03-01 00:00:00pages
285-94issue
2eissn
1473-7175issn
1744-8360journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The aim of stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease is to reconstruct nigro-striatal neuronal pathways using endogenous neural stem/precursor cells or grafted dopaminergic neurons. As an alternative, transplantation of stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons into the striatum has been attempted, with the aim of stimul...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.7.6.667
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogens fluctuations, particularly their premenstrual fall, are currently regarded as the main triggers of menstrual migraine (MM). MM presents in two clinical forms: pure MM, where attacks are confined to the perimenstrual period (PMP), and menstrually related migraine, where attacks always occur during, but are no...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.7.9.1105
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of: Brower KJ, McCammon RJ, Wojnar M, Ilgen MA, Wojnar J, Valenstein M. Prescription sleeping pills, insomnia, and suicidality in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. J. Clin. Psychiatry DOI: 10.4088/JCP.09m05484gry (2010) (Epub ahead of print). Several studies have investigated the association betw...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/ern.11.9
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing prevalence of chronic pain with its major societal impact and the escalating use of opioids in managing it, along with their misuse, abuse, associated fatalities and costs, are epidemics in modern medicine. Over the past two decades, multiple lessons have been learned addressing various issues of abuse....
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.13.33
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and other nonpharmacological interventions are used in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, 50% of the patients with MDD fail to achieve a response to first-line antidepressant treatment. In four of five acute monotherapy studies, once-daily extended-release quetiapine...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2013.846520
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) has gradually emerged as a suitable therapeutic target to treat migraine. Considering the social and economic burden of migraine, it is fundamental to optimize the disease management with efficacious and safe treatments. In this scenario, drugs targeting GCRP, monoclo...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737175.2020.1772758
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease is an age-related dementia and its incidence is rising in developed countries as the population ages. Amyloid plaques and tau-rich neurofibrillary tangles are pathologic hallmarks of the disease. Treatment is symptomatic, consisting of compounds that block enzymatic acetylcholine degradation (acety...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.4.1.97
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinoic acid is a potent cell differentiating factor, which through its nuclear receptors affects a vast range of promoter sites in brain neuronal and glial cells in every step of embryonic and postnatal life. Its capacities, facilitating maturation of neurotransmitter phenotype in different groups of neurons, pave t...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1008456
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Side effects to antiparkinsonian drugs constitute an important component of the daily management of patients with Parkinson's disease. Treatment with levodopa frequently leads to motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Hallucinosis, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension and peripheral edema can be manag...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.2.1.105
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The demographics of aging identify an immediate need for the early diagnosis and development of dementia prevention strategies. Recent neuropathological studies have pointed to the early involvement of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in the progression of Alzheimer's disease in the brain. In particular, these st...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.4.5.831
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous (non-traumatic) symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a devastating form of stroke, with very high overall mortality and morbidity. Even with the best current medical or surgical treatment, outcomes still remain poor. By contrast with ischemic stroke, the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage is not decr...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.918506
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central pain, which follows brain and spinal cord injury remains an ill-treated entity affecting approximately 1-2 million people worldwide. When oral drugs fail, either immediately or in the long run, the only therapeutic option is neuromodulation, via either electrical or chemical means. The whole spectrum of neurom...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.3.5.591
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: The microbiota-gut brain (MGB) axis is the bidirectional communication between the intestinal microbiota and the brain. An increasing body of preclinical and clinical evidence has revealed that the gut microbial ecosystem can affect neuropsychiatric health. However, there is still a need of further studi...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1638763
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic dysfunction is one of the early features in Alzheimer's disease (AD) affected brain. Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), a major peptide deposited in neuritic plaques, has been considered as an important initiating molecule in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the pathogenic role of Abeta remains to be determined. ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.7.11.1517
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may suffer from spasticity and pain during their disease course. Baclofen, dantrolene, diazepam and gabapentin have been used as first-line options to treat these conditions, with modest results. Medical use of marijuana smoking has bypassed traditional clinical trials...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737175.2020.1776610
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Headache disorders are ubiquitous, common, disabling and to a very large extent treatable in primary care. In this review, the important headache disorders are described together with their impact on public health. Suggestions are set out for their optimal management, although many of these are necessarily based more ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.4.3.425
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality in the USA and one of the leading causes of severe morbidity. It is important to provide stroke patients and physicians with the most accurate prognostic information to optimize care and allocation of healthcare resources. Reliable prognostic markers available during the ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.10.200
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently approved medications to treat cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease are targeting relatively late neurotransmission alterations and, thus, new approaches are needed to improve the observed modest efficacy. Employing various combinations of existing drugs is one way to achieve this aim. We can attempt to ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.10.43
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly co-occur. With the DSM-5, clinicians are permitted to make an ASD diagnosis in the context of ADHD. In earlier versions of the DSM, this was not acceptable. Both ASD and ADHD are reported to have had substantial increases in pr...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.2016.1146591
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing new treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke in the last twenty years has offered some important successes, but also several failures. Most trials of neuroprotective therapies have been uniformly negative to date. Recent research has reported how excitatory amino acids act as the major excitatory neur...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1101345
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the development of new immunomodulating therapies, with which early use is strongly encouraged, it is crucial to be in possession of reliable clinical predictors of multiple sclerosis evolution. Prognostic factors are important to patients wanting to be informed about their prospects; to the clinician needing to ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.6.3.357
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute pain informs the individual that there is an imminent threat of body damage, and is associated with the urge to escape and avoid. Fear learning takes place when neutral stimuli receive the propensity to predict the occurrence of pain, and when defensive responses are initiated in anticipation of potential threat...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.10.115
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Most preventive migraine treatments modify the brain's excitation/inhibition balance and/or serotonin metabolism, which likely accounts for their unfavorable adverse effect profile. Novel biological therapies blocking CGRP transmission are effective and better tolerated, but they are expensive and may no...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737175.2020.1729130
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since we last addressed the roles of NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling in glioblastoma (GBM) 5 years ago, tremendous strides have been made in the understanding of these two pathways in glioma biology. Contributing to prosurvival mechanisms, cancer stem cell maintenance and treatment resistance, both NF-κB and STAT3 have ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.964211
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An influence of climate upon cerebrovascular risk is both biologically plausible and supported by epidemiological evidence. These relationships are important as they could yield public health strategies to help protect the vulnerable from the increased death rates arising during extreme cold and heat waves. Change in ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.09.154
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years there has been great scientific and public interest focused on the therapeutic potential of compounds derived from cannabis for the treatment of refractory epilepsy in children. From in vitro and in vivo studies on animal models, cannabidiol (CBD) appears to be a promising anticonvulsant drug with a fa...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2016.1121098
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraoral splints are effective in migraine prevention. In this review, changes in the quality of life of migraineurs treated with a palatal nonoccluding splint were measured. Using the Migraine Specific Quality of Life Instrument (Version 2.1), it was found that the palatal nonoccluding splint significantly improved ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.5.3.371
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in molecular biology and virology in recent years have enabled the technology of gene transfer to proceed forward. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a particularly appropriate target for gene therapy since the brain pathology is fully characterized and relatively well circumscribed largely within the nigrostriatal ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.7.8.957
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alterations have been demonstrated in membrane phospholipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Alterations in membrane phospholipid metabolite levels have been observed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy 4 years before onset of cognitive changes. Implications of phospholipid membrane changes in Alzheimer's disease...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.2.5.647
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), WHO grade III gliomas, comprise 10-15% of all glial neoplasms. Currently, the only factors that have been shown to influence prognosis in patients with AA are age and Karnofsky performance status. Attempts have been made to identify biological prognostic factors for response to therapy an...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.8.4.575
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00